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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axogenesis in the human fetal auditory system, demonstrated by neurofilament immunohistochemistry (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 195 (1996), S. 15-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Morphogenesis ; Neurofibrils ; Cochlear nerve ; Cochlear nuclei ; Inferior colliculus ; Antigen retrieval
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Morphological, electrophysiological and behavioral evidence indicates that the onset of rapid, synchronized conduction of auditory impulses occurs in the human brainstem during the 28th–29th fetal weeks. This implies that axonal connections in the brainstem auditory pathway are generated prior to this time. In order to investigate the sequence of axogenic events in the human brainstem pathway, we employed immunohistochemical techniques and an antibody to neurofilament protein. Immunostaining for axonal neurofilaments in an age-graded series of fetal brains demonstrates that a small number of cochlear nerve axons have invaded the ventral cochlear nucleus by the 16th fetal week. By this same time point, a limited number of trapezoid body-lateral lemniscus axons have reached the superior olivary complex and inferior colliculus. Between gestational weeks 16 and 26, there is marked expansion and collateralization of the ascending pathway from cochlear nerve to inferior colliculus. By week 26, ascending axons have begun to form plexuses of terminal neuropil within all of the brainstem auditory nuclei. Beginning in week 22, there is development of commissural axons (dorsal commissure of the lateral lemniscus and commissure of the inferior colliculus) and descending projections (descending collicular axons and olivocochlear bundle). This early establishment of a mature pattern of axonal connections presumably forms the basis for the appearance of myelin, acousticomotor reflexes and recordable brainstem responses by fetal week 29.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050021
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic relationships of the Magnoliaceae inferred from cpDNA matK sequences (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 925-930 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Magnoliaceae ; Molecular phylogeny ; Chloroplast DNA ; matK gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The coding region of the matK gene was sequenced to infer the phylogeny of the family Magnoliaceae. Phylogenetic analyses of 21 matK sequences representing ten genera of Magnoliaceae and three outgroups suggest relationships among both subfamilies and genera. Monophyly of the subfamily Liriodendroideae (the genus Liriodendron) and the subfamily Magnolioideae is strongly supported, respectively. Within the subfamily Magnolioideae, three clades are formed: (1) the genus Magnlietia, (2) the subgenus Magnolia, and (3) the subgenus Yulania, with the genera Michelia, Paramichelia, Tsoongiodendron, Alcimandra, Kmeria, Parakmeria and Manglietiastrum. However, the genus Magnolia is shown to be a polyphyletic group, and the genus Michelia a paraphyletic group. Relatively low sequence divergences are detected among genera of the the subfamily Magnolioideae, ranging from 0.14% to 1.70%, especially in the tribe Micheliinae (0.14–0.98%). Molecular evidence from matK sequence data suggests that the phylogenetic positions and the delimitation of the eight genera Magnolia, Michelia, Tsoongiodendron, Paramichelia, Alcimandra, Kmeria, Parakmeria and Manglietiastrum need to be reconsidered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051563
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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