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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pseudomembranous colitis leading to toxic megacolon associated with antineoplastic chemotherapy (1992)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 35 (1992), S. 369-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colon ; Toxic megacolon ; Pseudomembranous colitis ; Chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon are rare complications of antineoplastic chemotherapy. Twelve cases of pseudomembranous colitis and four cases of toxic megacolon, both occurring as complications of chemotherapy, have been reported in the medical literature. These diseases occurred as separate and distinct entities. Fulminating pseudomembranous colitis leading to toxic megacolon in the setting of chemotherapy has not been previously reported. We report such a case, emphasizing its atypical presentation and rapid, fulminant course.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02048116
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laparoscopic-assisted colectomy learning curve (1995)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 38 (1995), S. 600-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colon ; Laparoscopy ; Resection ; Surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to establish the number of cases necessary to master laparoscopic removal of the left or right colon. METHODS: Data were obtained by chart review and by individually completed questionnaires. RESULTS: A total of 144 laparoscopic-assisted or intracorporeal right or left hemicolectomies were completed by four surgeons at separate institutions. Questionnaires were completed by each surgeon for each sequential hemicolectomy, and data concerning the type of surgery and total operating time were recorded. Times were plotted to diagram individual learning curves for each surgeon, and data grouping methods were used to determine the curve for each surgeon as well as for the combined data base. Learning was said to have been completed when the surgeon's operative time reached a low point and subsequently did not vary by more than 30 minutes. A total of 78 right colectomies and 66 left colectomies were completed by the group. Respectively, each surgeon appeared to learn the procedure after 16, 21, 11, and 6 cases. When the entire database was analyzed as a whole, it was shown that between 11 and 15 completed colectomies were needed for learning, after which operative times remained relatively stable. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis, using total operative time as an indication of learning, shows that approximately 11 to 15 completed laparoscopic colectomies are needed to comfortably learn this procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02054118
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods to prevent colonic injury in pelvic radiation (1994)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 37 (1994), S. 1090-1094 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Radiation injury ; Colon ; Prevention ; Vitamin A ; Sodium meclofenamate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Radiation has become an adjunct in the treatment of pelvic malignancies. Attempts to prevent adjacent tissue injury have met with varying degrees of success, and the purpose of this study was to investigate potential radioprotective effects of an elemental diet, sodium meclofenamate, and vitamin A in an animal model of acute and chronic pelvic radiation previously described. METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats, 200–250 grams, were anesthetized and then received 900 rads of pelvic radiation once per week for five weeks for a total of 4500 rads. Animals were divided into five groups. Treatment groups received radiation and elemental diet, radiation and vitamin A, radiation and sodium meclofenamate. Control animals received anesthesia only and no radiation. Vitamin A was given as a supplement to (662 IU/kg) standard rat chow. Elemental diet was given as a commercially available formula, whereas sodium meclofenamate was given as a postoperative supplement (5 mg/kg/day). All animals were given these treatments during the course of radiation therapy only. Histology of distal colon was measured at one week, five weeks, six months, and one year postradiation therapy. The distal two cm of colon were removed at necropsy and fixed in 10 percent formalin at each of the above time points. Histologic grade was determined by a previously described grading scale. RESULTS: Results showed a qualitative radiation injury that could be documented at one and five weeks postradiation. Elemental diet, vitamin A, and sodium meclofenamate prevented histologic changes that occurred at these time points. No difference in histologic grade was seen between any groups at six months and one year postradiation therapy. CONCLUSION: In summary, our model of pelvic radiation produces a definable radiation injury within the colon at one and five weeks postradiation. Use of elemental diet, vitamin A, and sodium meclofenamate prevented these changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02049809
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basal and meal-stimulated colonic absorption (1996)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 39 (1996), S. 865-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colon ; Absorption ; Water ; Sodium ; Chloride ; Thiry-Vella Fistula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Few quantitative experiments evaluating colonic absorption of water and electrolytes have been performed using an awake, conscious animal model. The purpose of these experiments was to develop this type of model and evaluate both basal and meal-stimulated colonic absorption of water and electrolytes. METHODS: Canine Thiry-Vella fistulas were created using a 20 cm segment of distal colon under general anesthesia. Colonic absorption studies were performed using infusion of the Thiry-Vella fistulas with a buffer solution containing [14C]polyethylene glycol. Electrolyte analysis and concentration of radioactivity in the effluent were obtained and used to calculate the net flux of water, sodium, and chloride. Each study consisted of an one-hour basal period and a three-hour experimental period divided into two groups. Group 1 received no meal. Group 2 orally ingested a mixed meal at the completion of the basal hour. RESULTS: In the basal state, water and electrolytes are absorbed from the distal colon at a steady and constant rate. An orally ingested meal produces a statistically significant increase in the rate of absorption, independent of direct colonic luminal contact with the nutrients of the meal given. CONCLUSIONS: These studies demonstrate an in vivo quantitative and qualitative measure of mammalian colonic water and electrolyte absorption. An increase in absorption rate occurs in response to a meal that is probably the result of an unidentified neural or humoral signal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02053984
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unique qualities and special problems of the African Great Lakes (1986)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 17 (1986), S. 161-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Meromictic ; Evolution ; Diversity ; Cichlidae ; Productivity ; Aquatic reserves ; Flushing ; Pollution ; Fish introductions ; Lake development ; Limnology ; Fishery management ; Conservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The African Great Lakes consist of large, deep rift valley lakes (e.g. Malawi & Tanganyika) and shallower lakes between the Eastern and Western Rifts (e.g. Victoria). They are a group comparable in size to the North American Great Lakes, but are old. Most are seasonally thermally stratified, and wind is the decisive factor that determines the annual cycle of cooling and mixing. Lakes Tanganyika, Malawi and Kivu are meromictic, with deep relict hypolimnia. Large magnitudes and time scales of periodic internal motion, where these have been measured, appear unique among lakes. These lakes harbour the world's richest lacustrine fish faunas, and the family Cichlidae provides the supreme example of geographically circumscribed vertebrate evolution. The lakes provide a unique comparative series of natural laboratories for evolutionary studies. Primary production is generally high, but in the deeper lakes standing stocks of plankton and of small fish species are low. These pelagic populations are characterised by very high P:B ratios. The fisheries are productive and of socio-economic importance. Large-scale mechanised fishing is not compatible with the survival of the diverse fish communities. Cichlids appear especially vulnerable to unselective fishing. Aquatic reserves might offer a means of survival for at least some communities. Various pollution threats exist. Because water retention times are long, extremely long for some deep lakes, and flushing rates are low, the lakes are vulnerable to pollution which would be long-lasting. Introductions of alien fishes have mostly had undesirable or disastrous results. While the faunas are one of the significant natural heritages of mankind, their conservation must realistically be linked to the legitimate development of the lakes for the well-being of the people who live there. Scientific value alone will not protect the lakes. Just as survival of African terrestrial wildlife in extensive reserves depends heavily upon tourism, so also might the cichlid flocks in underwater reserves. Greater interest from the international scientific community is needed to further rational development and conservation of these great lakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00002094
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unique qualities and special problems of the African Great Lakes (1986)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 17 (1986), S. 161-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Meromictic ; Evolution ; Diversity ; Cichlidae ; Productivity ; Aquatic reserves ; Flushing ; Pollution ; Fish introductions ; Lake development ; Limnology ; Fishery management ; Conservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The African Great Lakes consist of large, deep rift valley lakes (e.g. Malawi & Tanganyika) and shallower lakes between the Eastern and Western Rifts (e.g. Victoria). They are a group comparable in size to the North American Great Lakes, but are old. Most are seasonally thermally stratified, and wind is the decisive factor that determines the annual cycle of cooling and mixing. Lakes Tanganyika, Malawi and Kivu are meromictic, with deep relict hypolimnia. Large magnitudes and time scales of periodic internal motion, where these have been measured, appear unique among lakes. These lakes harbour the world's richest lacustrine fish faunas, and the family Cichlidae provides the supreme example of geographically circumscribed vertebrate evolution. The lakes provide a unique comparative series of natural laboratories for evolutionary studies. Primary production is generally high, but in the deeper lakes standing stocks of plankton and of small fish species are low. These pelagic populations are characterised by very high P:B ratios. The fisheries are productive and of socio-economic importance. Large-scale mechanised fishing is not compatible with the survival of the diverse fish communities. Cichlids appear especially vulnerable to unselective fishing. Aquatic reserves might offer a means of survival for at least some communities. Various pollution threats exist. Because water retention times are long, extremely long for some deep lakes, and flushing rates are low, the lakes are vulnerable to pollution which would be long-lasting. Introductions of alien fishes have mostly had undesirable or disastrous results. While the faunas are one of the significant natural heritages of mankind, their conservation must realistically be linked to the legitimate development of the lakes for the well-being of the people who live there. Scientific value alone will not protect the lakes. Just as survival of African terrestrial wildlife in extensive reserves depends heavily upon tourism, so also might the cichlid flocks in underwater reserves. Greater interest from the international scientific community is needed to further rational development and conservation of these great lakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00698196
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternative reproductive behaviour in fishes, with particular reference toLepomis macrochira andPseudocrenilabrus philander (1990)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 28 (1990), S. 249-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Cichlidae ; Centrarchidae ; Sneaker ; Cuckolder ; Satellite ; Territoriality ; Sunfish ; Courtship ; Leks ; Evolutionary strategies ; Life history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis In the sunfish,Lepomis macrochira, males have discrete alternative reproductive life histories each with an equal potential for reproductive success. However, the alternative reproductive tactics of the cichlid,Pseudocrenilabrus philander, appear to have unequal payoffs. The adoption of either the territorial or the sneaking option in the cichlid fish is dictated by social conditions within the hierarchy. Consideration is given to Austad's questioning the value of models of Evolutionary Stable Strategies and to his proposed reclassification of alternative reproductive behaviours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00751038
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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