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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alcohol dependence in ICD-9 and DSM-III-R: A comparative polydiagnostic study (1989)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 239 (1989), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Classification ; Alcohol dependence ; Alcohol abuse ; DSM-III-R ; ICD-9
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diagnoses of alcohol dependence, using the classification systems ICD-9 and DSM-III-R, were compared in a sample of 215 psychiatric outpatients. A lower diagnostic threshold was obtained for DSM-III-R. This category tended to be more inclusive for relatively mild forms of inadequate alcohol use. Of those patients with ICD-9 alcohol dependence, 79% also met criteria for the corresponding DSM-III-R category, whereas 61% of subjects diagnosed as dependent according to DSM-III-R received the equivalent diagnosis in ICD-9. These results were obtained assuming equal base rates (sample frequencies) for dependence and abuse. Diagnoses were further compared with independently derived scores of the Munich Alcoholism Test (MALT), and the validity of DSM-III-R was found to be superior. Checklist-guided interviews had a positive impact upon accuracy and validity of diagnoses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01759582
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Divergence and convergence of diagnoses for depression between ICD-9 and DSM-III-R (1988)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 238 (1988), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Classification ; Depression ; DSM-III-R ; ICD-9
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Contrasting the classification systems ICD-9 and DSM-III-R, a comparison of diagnoses for unipolar depressive disorders is presented from a sample of 168 psychiatric outpatients. A relatively clear correspondence existed between ICD-9 endogenous depression and DSM-III-R major depression. Neurotic depression (ICD-9) divided into either dysthymia or major depression in DSM-III-R. A generally greater variety of corresponding ICD-9 diagnoses was observed for DSM-III-R categories, since patients with eating disorders, alcohol or drug dependence, or with neuroses other than depressive type often received an additional specific DSM-III-R diagnosis for depression. For ICD-9 diagnostics, a decreased threshold was found for diagnosing depressive reaction, as compared with the equivalent DSM-III-R diagnosis of adjustment disorder with depressed mood. A new technique is introduced in order to adjust corresponding proportions according to base rate differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381079
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An empirical comparison of diagnoses and reliabilities in ICD-10 and DSM-III-R (1993)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 242 (1993), S. 209-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Classification ; ICD-10 ; DSM-III-R ; Reliability ; Case Records ; International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The psychiatric classification systems ICD-10 and DSM-III-R were compared by applying both sets of diagnostic criteria to the same sample of patients suffering from affective and psychotic disorders. Four independent raters assessed diagnoses according to both systems to 100 written case records which had been prepared in a traditional, standard format. The International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL) were employed to rate relevant psychopathological signs and symptoms and to apply diagnostic decision rules. The results showed that ICD-10 yielded a generally higher reliability for all main disorders except for bipolar disorder. Overall reliability was κ=0.53 for diagnoses according to DSM-III-R and 0.59 for diagnoses according to ICD-10. Agreement was best for affective disorders, moderate for schizophrenia and inacceptable for schizoaffective disorder. Insufficient boundaries were found in both systems between schizoaffective disorder on one side and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder on the other side. The different duration criteria for schizophrenia of six months in DSM-III-R and one month in ICD-10 tend to have considerable consequences for frequency rates of schizophrenia in a typical clinical setting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189965
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Routine psychiatric examinations guided by ICD-10 Diagnostic Checklists (International Diagnostic Checklists) (1993)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 242 (1993), S. 218-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Classification ; ICD-10 ; International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A systematic assessment of psychiatric diagnoses according to the new classification system ICD-10 can be guided and enhanced by the International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL). This instrument was developed and evaluated primarily for use in routine clinical care. It consists of 30 separate lists in pocket form, each assigned to a specific disorder and allowing immediate and operationalized diagnostic decisions (without the need of computer assistance). Personality disorders are covered by a separate 12-page booklet (IDCL-P). Examples of the checklists are given together with possible areas of application. First studies have indicated good clinical practicability and satisfactory to excellent diagnostic reliability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189966
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphaniminato-Komplexe des Schwefels. Synthese und Kristallstrukturen von [SO(Cl)(NPPh3)], [SO2(Cl)(NPPh3)] und [SCl(NPPh3)2]ClProfessor Egon Uhlig zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 1986-1991 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Phosphorane Iminato Complexes of Sulfur ; Syntheses ; IR Spectra ; Crystal Structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Phosphorane Iminato Complexes of Sulfur. Synthesis and Crystal Structures of [SO(Cl)(NPPh3)], [SO2(Cl)(NPPh3)], and [SCl(NPPh3)2]ClThe title compounds have been prepared by the reaction of Me3SiNPPh3 with SOCl2, SO2Cl2, and SCl2, respectively. They form colourless, moisture sensitive crystals, which were characterized by IR spectroscopy and by crystal structure determinations.[SO(Cl)(NPPh3)]: Space group P21/n, Z = 4, structure determination with 2 434 observed unique reflections, R = 0.047. Lattice dimensions at 19°C: a = 1 304.8, b = 996.5, c = 1 339.5 pm, β = 93.75°. The compound forms monomeric molecules with a remarkably long S—Cl bond of 234.2 pm and distances SN and PN of 154.6 and 161.6 pm, respectively, which agree with double bonds.[SO2(Cl)(NPPh3)]: Space group P21/n, Z = 4, structure solution with 2 872 observed, unique reflections, R = 0.047. Lattice dimensions at 20°C: a = 956.9, b = 1 909, c = 1 002.0 pm, β = 106.06°. The compound forms monomeric molecules with distances S—Cl of 207.1 pm, SN of 154.5 pm, and PN of 161.6 pm.[SCl(NPPh3)2]Cl: Space group P21/c, Z = 4, structure solution with 5 224 observed, unique reflections, R = 0.042. Lattice dimensions at 20°C: a = 1 108.6, b = 1 603.8, c = 1 840.5 pm, β = 99.98°. The compound forms ions [SCl(NPPh3)2]+ and Cl-. In the cation the sulfur atom is ϕ-tetrahedrally coordinated with a long S—Cl distance of 248.5 pm and SN bond lengths of 154.5 and 156.0 pm.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindungen entstehen durch Umsetzung von Me3SiNPPh3 mit Thionylchlorid, Sulfurylchlorid bzw. Schwefeldichlorid als farblose, feuchtigkeitsempfindliche Kristalle, die wir durch die IR-Spektren und durch Kristallstrukturanalysen charakterisiert haben.[SO(Cl)(NPPh3)]: Raumgruppe P21/n, Z = 4, Strukturlösung mit 2 434 unabhängigen beobachteten Reflexen, R = 0,047. Gitterabmessungen bei 19°C: a = 1 304,8; b = 996,5; c = 1 339,5 pm, β = 93,75°. Die Verbindung bildet monomere Moleküle mit einer auffällig langen S—Cl-Bindung von 234,2 pm und Abständen SN und PN von 154,6 bzw. 161,6 pm, die Doppelbindungen entsprechen.[SO2(Cl)(NPPh3)]: Raumgruppe P21/n, Z = 4, Strukturlösung mit 2 872 unabhängigen beobachteten Reflexen, R = 0,047. Gitterabmessungen bei 20°C: a = 956,9; b = 1 909; c = 1 002,0 pm, β = 106,06°. Die Verbindung bildet monomere Moleküle mit Abständen S—Cl von 207,1 pm, SN von 154,5 pm und PN von 161,6 pm.[SCl(NPPh3)2]Cl: Raumgruppe P21/c, Z = 4, Strukturlösung mit 5 224 unabhängigen beobachteten Reflexen, R = 0,042. Gitterabmessungen bei 20°C: a = 1 108,6; b = 1 603,8; c = 1 840,5 pm, β = 99,98°. Die Verbindung bildet Ionen [SCl(NPPh3)2]+ und Cl-. Im Kation ist das Schwefelatom ϕ-tetraedrisch koordiniert mit einem langen S—Cl-Abstand von 248,5 pm und SN-Bindungslängen von 154,5 und 156,0 pm.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19946201125
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphaniminato-Komplexe des Schwefels. Synthese und Kristallstrukturen von [O3SS(NPPh3)2] · CH3CN, [SO(NPPh3)2] und [SCl(NPMe3)2]ClProfessor Dirk Reinen zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 531-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Phosphorane Iminato Complexes of Sulfur ; Syntheses ; IR Spectra ; Crystal Structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Phosphorane Iminato Complexes of Sulfur. Syntheses and Crystal Structures of [O3SS(NPPh3)2] · CH3CN, [SO(NPPh3)2], and [SCl(NPMe3)2]ClThe title compounds have been prepared by the reaction of Me3SiNPPh3 with SO2 and SOCl2, respectively, and by the reaction of Me3SiNPMe3 with S2Cl2. They form colourless, moisture sensitive crystals, which were characterized by IR spectroscopy and by crystal structure determinations.[O3SS((NPPh3)2)] · CH3CN: Space group Pca21, Z = 4, structure solution with 4016 observed unique reflections, R = 0.050. Lattice dimensions at -60°C: a = 1865.1, b = 1168.4, c = 1569.0 pm. The compound has a zwitterionic structure with a S—S bond length of 218.2 pm and bond lengths S—N of 161.2 and P—N of 160.1 pm.[SO(NPPh3)2]: Space group P21/c, Z = 4, structure solution with 2854 observed unique reflections, R = 0.113. Lattice dimensions at -50°C: a = 1173.1, b = 1585.6, c = 1619.2 pm, b̃ = 98.13°. The compound forms monomeric molecules, in which the positions of S and N atoms are disordered in two positions. The bond lengths are S—N 166 pm and P—N 163 pm in average.[SCl(NPMe3)2]Cl: Space group P1, Z = 2, structure solution with 2416 observed unique reflections, R = 0.038. Lattice dimensions at 20°C: a = 613.2, b = 1030.3, c = 1111.4 pm, α = 88.48°, b̃ = 88.01°, γ = 83.10°. The compound forms ions [SCl(NPMe3)2]+ and Cl-. In the cation the sulfur atom is φ-tetrahedrally coordinated with a long S—Cl distance of 246.9 pm and bond lengths S—N of 155.3 pm and P—N of 164.3 pm in average.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindungen entstehen durch Umsetzung von Me3SiNPPh3 mit Schwefeldioxid bzw. mit Thionylchlorid und von Me3SiNPMe3 mit Dischwefeldichlorid als farblose, feuchtigkeitsempfindliche Kristalle, die wir durch die IR-Spektren und durch Kristallstrukturanalysen charakterisiert haben.[O3SS(NPPh3)2)] · CH3CN: Raumgruppe Pca21, Z = 4, Strukturlösung mit 4016 unabhängigen beobachteten Reflexen, R = 0,050. Gitterabmessungen bei -60°C: a = 1865,1; b = 1168,4; c = 1569,0 pm. Die Verbindung hat eine zwitterionische Struktur mit einer S—S-Bindungslänge von 218,2 pm und Abständen S—N von 161,2 pm und P—N von 160,1 pm.[SO(NPPh3)2]: Raumgruppe P21/c, Z = 4, Strukturbestimmung mit 2854 unabhängigen beobachteten Reflexen, R = 0,113. Gitterabmessungen bei -50°C: a = 1173,1; b = 1585,6; c = 1619,2 pm, b̃ = 98,13°. Die Verbindung hat eine monomere Molekülstruktur, deren S- und N-Atomlagen in zwei Positionen fehlgeordnet sind. Die Bindungslängen betragen im Mittel für S—N 166 pm und für P—N 163 pm.[SCl(NPMe3)2]Cl: Raumgruppe P1, Z = 2, Strukturlösung mit 2416 unabhängigen beobachteten Reflexen, R = 0,038. Gitterabmessungen bei 20°C: a = 613,2; b = 1030,3; c = 1111,4 pm, α = 88,48°; b̃ = 88,01°; γ = 83,10°. Die Verbindung besteht aus Ionen [SCl(NPMe3]2+ und Cl-. Im Kation ist das Schwefelatom φ-tetraedrisch koordiniert mit einem S—Cl-Abstand von 246,9 pm und mittleren Bindungslängen S—N von 155,3 pm und P—N von 164,3 pm.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19956210405
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