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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secondary attraction and field activity of beetle-produced volatiles inDendroctonus terebrans (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1513-1533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonus terebrans ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; bark beetles ; pheromones ; primary attraction ; secondary attraction ; host selection ; frontalin ; exo-brevicomin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Controlled infestation ofDendroctonus terebrans (Olivier) on bolts of slash pine,Pinus ellionii Engelm. var.elliottii, elicited greater attraction of wild conspecifics than uninfested bolts. Secondary attraction was not apparent, however, to standing slash pines that had received volunteer attacks, when compared with attraction to unattacked but susceptible trees. Hindguts from in-flight or attacking femaleD. terebrans contained frontalin, and those from in-flight or attacking males containedexo-brevicomin.Trans-pinocarveol,cis-verbenol,trans-verbenol, myrtenal, verbenone, myrtenol, and other compounds were produced by both sexes during gallery construction in host trees. Synthetic frontalin, when deployed with a standard host odor mixture of turpentine and ethanol, was very attractive to maleD. terebrans in field-trapping experiments. The addition of eitherexo-brevicomin orendo-brevicomin to the frontalin-turpentine combination negated the attractive effect of frontalin for males.Trans-verbenol, myrtenol, and verbenone had little effect onD. terebrans behavior. Responses of females did not differ among treatments in any of the 11 field experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012380
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dried leaves from rocky mountain plants decrease infestation by stored-product beetles (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 127-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Insecticide ; fumigant ; terpenoids ; Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; Curculionidae ; camphor ; carvacrol ; Monarda fistulosa ; Artemisia tridentata ; Zabrotes subfasciatus ; Sitophilus oryzae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Leaves of two highly aromatic plants,Artemisia tridentata (Nutt.) andMonarda fistulosa L., prepared according to a patented process, inhibited oviposition by the Mexican bean weevil,Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman), in beans at concentrations less than 1% w/w. Both plant species were less effective against the rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzae L., in wheat, with onlyM. fistulosa exhibiting any concentration-dependent activity. The maximal control achieved against this species was less than 50% at 3% w/w. Two less aromatic plant species,Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh.) Nutt. andGeranium viscosissimum Fisch. and Mey., caused only low levels of inhibition against both insect species. Volatiles probably caused the response toA. tridentata andM. fistulosa, while the asymptotic concentration dependence for the less volatile plant material was likely caused by behavioral factors related to the physical presence of foreign particulate matter in the foodstuff. Chemical analysis indicated that most of the volatile components from the dried leaf material from all species were terpenoids, with camphor (9.7 mg/g) and 1,8-cineole (4.0 mg/g) being most abundant inA. tridentata and carvacrol (26.3 mg/g) being most abundant inM. fistulosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02036647
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interspecific activity of semiochemicals among sibling species ofPissodes (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1587-1601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pissodes ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; aggregation pheromone ; cross-attraction ; synomone ; reproductive isolation ; grandisol ; grandisal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pissodes strobi, P. approximatus, andP. nemorensis are sibling species of pine weevils that can hybridize in the laboratory but are presumed to be reproductively isolated in nature. Males of all three species produce the terpenoids grandisol and grandisal; these compounds serve as an aggregation pheromone forP. approximatus andP. nemorensis when deployed with odors from pine bolts. A series of field experiments examined the possibility of cross-attraction among the three species. Tests in New York and Florida found that parapatrically distributedP. approximatus andP. nemorensis were cross-attractive, but different photoperiodic conditioning was required for pheromone production in males of the two species. Long-day pheromone production (P. approximatus-type.) was inherited in interspecific hybrids. Other tests showed thatP. strobi males, or hybrid males from crosses ofP. strobi withP. approximatus, were not attractive to sympatricP. approximatus. When the response ofP. strobi was assessed to males of eitherP. strobi orP. approximatus confined on white pine leaders (the breeding site ofP. strobi), no evidence of cross-attraction or pheromone activity was found;P. strobi were caught in equal numbers onP. strobi-baited leaders,P. approximatus-baited leaders, and unbaited leaders. Tests of interspecific interactions found that maleP. strobi produce an allelochemical signal that interrupts the response ofP. approximatus to its natural or synthetic aggregation pheromone. This interspecific response is apparently adaptive for members of both species (classified as an allomone-kairomone or synomone) because it may ultimately serve to prevent interspecific matings that would lower the fitness of the parents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020266
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation pheromone of the deodar weevll,Pissodes nemorensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Isolation and activity of grandisol and grandisal (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1417-1423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pissodes nemorensis ; deodar weevil ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; aggregation pheromone ; grandisol ; grandisal ; synergism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The bark weevilPissodes nemorensis, a pest of pines and exotic cedars in the southeastern United States, utilizes a male-produced aggregation pheromone. The presumed pheromone components, grandisol (cis-2-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclobutaneethanol) and its corresponding aldehyde, grandisal, were isolated from extracts of male volatiles and male hindguts. A field test in northern Florida showed that the combination of grandisol, grandisal, and slash pine (Pinus elliottii) bolts acted synergistically to attract large numbers of male and femaleP. nemorensis. These components deployed in various paired combinations were not as attractive as the tripartite mixture. There was no evidence that flying weevils were attracted to unbaited pine bolts. The aggregation pheromone forP. nemorensis appears to be similar to that of a parapatric sibling species,P. approximatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990312
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of sex pheromones from cowpea weevil,Callosobruchus maculatus, and related studies withC. analis (coleoptera: Bruchidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 2233-2249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Carboxylic acids ; Leguminosae ; pulses ; stored products ; seed weevils ; Callosobruchus maculatus ; Coleoptera ; cowpea weevil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Female cowpea weevils,Callosobruchus maculatus, produce a sex pheromone that elicits orientation and sexual behavior in males. Bioassay-directed isolation of the sex pheromone was conducted and compounds in the active fraction were identified and synthesized. Volatiles were collected from individual virgin females by adsorption on filter paper dises and hexane extraction. A bioassay was used in which the locomotory response of single males in glass vials was recorded upon exposure to treatments or controls. Crude extracts were subjected to silica gel column chromatography with solvents of increasing polarity; all activity eluted with methanol. Activity in the highly polar methanol fraction suggested a carboxylic acid or a compound with multiple polar functionality. Acid-base partitioning of the crude extract isolated all activity in the acid fraction, confirming that the pheromone was a carboxylic acid. The acid fraction was further fractionated by preparative GC with a Carbowax column. The most active GC fraction contained the following five 8-carbon acids identified by GC-MS and comparison with synthetic candidates: 3-methyleneheptanoic acid, (Z)-3-methyl-3-heptenoic acid, (E)-3-methyl-3-heptenoic acid, (Z)-3-methyl-2-heptenoic acid, and (E)-3-methyl-2-heptenoic acid. Each of the synthetic acids was active individually for males, and combinations of two or more of the acid pheromones had an additive effect. Upwind flight responses to natural and synthetic pheromones were observed in a flight tunnel. (Z)-3-Methyl-2-heptenoic acid was previously identified as the sex pheromone for the relatedC. analis, but this and the other four acid pheromones fromC. maculatus were inactive for maleC. analis. There was no cross-attraction betweenC. maculatus andC. analis in reciprocal studies using extracted volatiles from females of both species, GC-MS analysis ofC. analis female volatiles failed to detect any of theC. maculatus compounds but did find an unidentified C-8 acid with a GC retention time different from any of theC. maculatus pheromones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02029543
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation pheromone components of two species ofPissodes weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Isolation, identification, and field activity (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pissodes strobi ; Pissodes approximatus ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; aggregation pheromone ; grandisol ; grandisal ; Pinus strobus ; white pine weevil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two related volatile compounds were identified from each of two species ofPissodes bark weevils and implicated as components of their aggregation pheromones. Grandisol (cis-2-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclobutaneethanol), and its corresponding aldehyde, grandisal, were isolated from males of bothP. strobi andP. approximatus and were found in the abdomens and hindguts of the respective species. In field tests synthetic grandisol and grandisal together with odors from cut pine acted synergistically in attracting both sexes ofP. approximatus. This response was similar to that elicited by maleP. approximatus feeding on cut pine. Males and females of natural populations ofP. strobi were more responsive to caged males feeding on leaders of white pine than they were to leaders alone. The combination of grandisol, grandisal, and leaders was less attractive than males on leaders, but more attractive than leaders alone. From isolation of pheromone components at different times of the year, it was determined that males of both species produced grandisol and grandisal only at times when cohort females were reproductively mature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987766
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