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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pseudomembranous colitis leading to toxic megacolon associated with antineoplastic chemotherapy (1992)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 35 (1992), S. 369-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colon ; Toxic megacolon ; Pseudomembranous colitis ; Chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon are rare complications of antineoplastic chemotherapy. Twelve cases of pseudomembranous colitis and four cases of toxic megacolon, both occurring as complications of chemotherapy, have been reported in the medical literature. These diseases occurred as separate and distinct entities. Fulminating pseudomembranous colitis leading to toxic megacolon in the setting of chemotherapy has not been previously reported. We report such a case, emphasizing its atypical presentation and rapid, fulminant course.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02048116
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods to prevent colonic injury in pelvic radiation (1994)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 37 (1994), S. 1090-1094 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Radiation injury ; Colon ; Prevention ; Vitamin A ; Sodium meclofenamate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Radiation has become an adjunct in the treatment of pelvic malignancies. Attempts to prevent adjacent tissue injury have met with varying degrees of success, and the purpose of this study was to investigate potential radioprotective effects of an elemental diet, sodium meclofenamate, and vitamin A in an animal model of acute and chronic pelvic radiation previously described. METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats, 200–250 grams, were anesthetized and then received 900 rads of pelvic radiation once per week for five weeks for a total of 4500 rads. Animals were divided into five groups. Treatment groups received radiation and elemental diet, radiation and vitamin A, radiation and sodium meclofenamate. Control animals received anesthesia only and no radiation. Vitamin A was given as a supplement to (662 IU/kg) standard rat chow. Elemental diet was given as a commercially available formula, whereas sodium meclofenamate was given as a postoperative supplement (5 mg/kg/day). All animals were given these treatments during the course of radiation therapy only. Histology of distal colon was measured at one week, five weeks, six months, and one year postradiation therapy. The distal two cm of colon were removed at necropsy and fixed in 10 percent formalin at each of the above time points. Histologic grade was determined by a previously described grading scale. RESULTS: Results showed a qualitative radiation injury that could be documented at one and five weeks postradiation. Elemental diet, vitamin A, and sodium meclofenamate prevented histologic changes that occurred at these time points. No difference in histologic grade was seen between any groups at six months and one year postradiation therapy. CONCLUSION: In summary, our model of pelvic radiation produces a definable radiation injury within the colon at one and five weeks postradiation. Use of elemental diet, vitamin A, and sodium meclofenamate prevented these changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02049809
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laparoscopic-assisted colectomy learning curve (1995)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 38 (1995), S. 600-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colon ; Laparoscopy ; Resection ; Surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to establish the number of cases necessary to master laparoscopic removal of the left or right colon. METHODS: Data were obtained by chart review and by individually completed questionnaires. RESULTS: A total of 144 laparoscopic-assisted or intracorporeal right or left hemicolectomies were completed by four surgeons at separate institutions. Questionnaires were completed by each surgeon for each sequential hemicolectomy, and data concerning the type of surgery and total operating time were recorded. Times were plotted to diagram individual learning curves for each surgeon, and data grouping methods were used to determine the curve for each surgeon as well as for the combined data base. Learning was said to have been completed when the surgeon's operative time reached a low point and subsequently did not vary by more than 30 minutes. A total of 78 right colectomies and 66 left colectomies were completed by the group. Respectively, each surgeon appeared to learn the procedure after 16, 21, 11, and 6 cases. When the entire database was analyzed as a whole, it was shown that between 11 and 15 completed colectomies were needed for learning, after which operative times remained relatively stable. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis, using total operative time as an indication of learning, shows that approximately 11 to 15 completed laparoscopic colectomies are needed to comfortably learn this procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02054118
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basal and meal-stimulated colonic absorption (1996)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 39 (1996), S. 865-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colon ; Absorption ; Water ; Sodium ; Chloride ; Thiry-Vella Fistula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Few quantitative experiments evaluating colonic absorption of water and electrolytes have been performed using an awake, conscious animal model. The purpose of these experiments was to develop this type of model and evaluate both basal and meal-stimulated colonic absorption of water and electrolytes. METHODS: Canine Thiry-Vella fistulas were created using a 20 cm segment of distal colon under general anesthesia. Colonic absorption studies were performed using infusion of the Thiry-Vella fistulas with a buffer solution containing [14C]polyethylene glycol. Electrolyte analysis and concentration of radioactivity in the effluent were obtained and used to calculate the net flux of water, sodium, and chloride. Each study consisted of an one-hour basal period and a three-hour experimental period divided into two groups. Group 1 received no meal. Group 2 orally ingested a mixed meal at the completion of the basal hour. RESULTS: In the basal state, water and electrolytes are absorbed from the distal colon at a steady and constant rate. An orally ingested meal produces a statistically significant increase in the rate of absorption, independent of direct colonic luminal contact with the nutrients of the meal given. CONCLUSIONS: These studies demonstrate an in vivo quantitative and qualitative measure of mammalian colonic water and electrolyte absorption. An increase in absorption rate occurs in response to a meal that is probably the result of an unidentified neural or humoral signal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02053984
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sarcomeric myosin heavy chain expressed in nonmuscle cells forms thick filaments in the presence of substoichiometric amounts of light chains (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 26 (1993), S. 192-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: myofibrillogenesis ; myosin heavy chain ; myosin light chains ; transfection ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Central to the function of myosin is its ability to assemble into thick filaments which interact precisely and specifically with other myofibrillar proteins. We have established a novel experimental system for studying myofibrillogenesis using transient transfections of COS cells, a monkey kidney cell line. We have expressed both full-length rat α cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) and a truncated heavy meromyosin-like α MHC (sHMM) and shown that immunoreactive MHC proteins of the expected sizes were detected in lysates of transfected cells. Surprisingly, the full-length MHC formed large spindle-shaped structures throughout the cytoplasm of transfected cells as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. The structures were not found in cells expressing the sHMM construct, indicating that their formation required an MHC rod. The spindle-shaped structures ranged in length from approximately 1 μm to over 20 μm in length and were birefringent suggesting that they are ordered arrays of thick filaments. This was confirmed by electron microscopic analysis of the transfected cells which revealed arrays of filamentous structures approximately 12 nm in diameter at their widest point. In addition, the vast majority of transfected MHC did not associate with the endogenous nonmuscle myosin light chains, demonstrating that myosin thick filaments can form in the absence of stoichiometric amounts of myosin light chains. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970260303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zona drilling enhances fertilization by mouse caput epididymal sperm (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 27 (1990), S. 332-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Caput epididymis ; Micromanipulation ; In vitro fertilization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Spermatozoa from the caput epididymis are known to be much less capable of fertilization when compared to sperm from more distal segments of the epididymis. The purpose of this study was to determine if two micromanipulative techniques, zona drilling (ZD) and a modification of partial zona dissection (PZD), could be used to enhance fertilization with caput epididymal sperm. A mouse in vitro fertilization model was used. Inseminating oocytes with 500-1,000 sperm/oocyte from the cauda epididymis as a control resulted in fertilization of 98 of 300 (32.6%) oocytes. Of those fertilized, 47 developed to the blastocyst stage (47.9%). Caput sperm fertilized 13 of 116 (11.2%) nonmanipulated oocytes. Only 1 of 13 developed into a blastocyst, while with oocyte ZD, caput sperm fertilized 24 of 144 (16.7%) oocytes, 50% of those fertilized developing to blastocyst (P=0.0129). When modified PZD was performed on oocytes, only one of 23 was fertilized, with no blastocyst development. These results indicate that acid Tyrode ZD enhances both fertilization and early embryonal development when caput epididymal sperm are used for insemination. These mouse studies suggest that ZD or other micromanipulation techniques may prove clinically useful in men with proximal epididymal obstruction where only caput sperm are available.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080270407
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic studies of magnetosomes in magnetotactic bacteria (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 27 (1994), S. 389-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Biomineralization ; Greigite ; Magnetite ; Pyrite ; Single-magnetic-domain ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Electron microscopic studies on magnetosomes in magnetotactic bacteria have revealed much information on their composition, structure, and even the formation of their mineral phase. The mineral phases of the magnetosomes are of two general types: iron oxides and iron sulfides. Iron oxide-type magnetosomes contain particles of the ferrimagnetic mineral magnetite (Fe3O4) while the iron sulfide-type contain ferrimagnetic greigite (Fe3S4), greigite and non-magnetic pyrite (FeS2), or possibly ferrimagnetic pyrrhotite (Fe7S8). Regardless of their composition, the crystalline particles in magnetosomes have a narrow size range: approximately 35 to 120 nm. Magnetite crystals in this size range are single-magnetic-domains and confer a permanent magnetic dipole moment to the cell. The single-domain size range for greigite is not known but is probably similar to that for magnetite.The morphology of the particles in the bacterial magnetosomes appears to be species-specific. Morphologies of magnetite crystals in different species of magnetotactic bacteria include cubooctahedra, parallelepipedal (truncated hexahedral or octahedral prisms), and tooth- or bullet-shaped (anisotropic). Morphologies of greigite particles include cubo-octahedra and rectangular prismatic. The greigite-pyrite particles are generally pleomorphic with no consistent crystalline morphology. A membrane has been shown to surround the particles in some organisms and may be involved in the formation of the crystalline phase while also providing physical constraints on the size and the shape of the crystal. These results clearly indicate that the biomineralization process involved in the bacterial magnetosome, a good example of a self-assembled structure on a nanometer scale, is highly controlled by the organism. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070270505
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteocranial development in the viviparous surfperch Amphistichus argenteus (pisces: Embiotocidae) (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 174 (1982), S. 95-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The development of the cranial and branchial skeleton of the surfperch Amphistichus argenteus, a member of the family Embiotocidae, is described, and phylogenetic and functional aspects of the skull development of this species are discussed. The earliest bones to appear are those dermal elements of the branchial skeleton involved with feeding, and the bones, both dermal and endochondral, located in the basicranial region of the neurocranium. These are followed by dermal bones associated with the lateral line system and finally by the remainder of the bones of the branchial skeleton and the cartilaginous bones of the otic capsules. The last bone to develop is the ethmoid.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051740108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sudanophilic lipid of normal and regenerating limb tissues of the adult newt, Diemictylus viridescensThis investigation was supported by a Public Health Service research grant GM06208 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 118 (1966), S. 57-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The most intense and widely distributed sudanophilic responses of cryostat-sectioned newt limb tissues were obtained with a simultaneous fix and stain procedure of 1:1 10% formal-calcium and sudan black B. Droplets and globules of lipid mixtures and rodlets (mitochondria) were typical responses distributed within the epidermis, subcutaneous glands, dermis and other connective tissues, striated muscle (also with positive fibrils), tunics of blood vessels, and blood cells. A prominent droplet response was located subjacent to the adepidermal basement membrane. The myelin of brachial nerve stained intensely.In regenerating limbs, the wound epithelium response was comparable to that of epidermis. Post-amputational lipophanerosis of injured muscle and brachial nerves was observed. The retrograde degeneration of nerve myelin was extensive, and continued into the early differentiative phase of regeneration. Lipid-engorged macrophages were prominent among the injured tissues, distal to these, and within the wound epithelium.The regeneration blastema revealed a large quantity of sudanophilic lipid. Prominent droplet and rodlet responses were typical of the myelinating regenerating nerves. The response of regenerating muscle equaled that of the mature stump fibers. The cells of the regenerating chondroskeleton contained sudanophilic lipid.Organic solvents such as acetone, ether, chloroform and chloroform:methanol reduced or prevented the sudanophilic responses. Sudan red 7B revealed less lipid than did sudan black B. A fixation effect was demonstrated with post-chromated formalcalcium, and chromic-formalin fixed sections. In the latter preparations, swollen-bodies, identified as mitochondria, stained intensely.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051180105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of tissues in the amputated-regenerating limb of the adult newt, Diemictylus viridescensThis investigation was supported by a research grant GM 06208, and a graduate training grant 8T1-HD-16, from the Public Health Service. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 123 (1967), S. 271-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have examined the fine structure of injured, repairing and regenerating tissues of the amputated forelimbs of the adult newt: observations were made on wound epithelium, nerves, striated muscle, the regeneration blastema, connective tissues and cartilage.The wound epithelium shows little modulation from the adjacent epidermis: a subjacent glycocalyx and hemidesmosomes are initially absent. Some cells reveal phagocytic activity. As regeneration progresses, a glycocalyx, hemidesmosomes, and an adepidermal reticulum of fibers develop.Nerve fiber degeneration and regeneration lie side by side in the same nerve bundle. Myelin degeneration is evident within 24 hours; neural connective tissues loosen and fibers appear to spread apart.Striated muscle fibers display a nonuniform response to trauma, due to unequal degree of injury inflicted by amputation. The moderately and greatly injured fibers lose their distal fibril organization. There is a numerical increase in mitochondria, and occasionally a pyknotic nucleus is present. The myofiber glycocalyx appears to resist destruction, even when cell degeneration is extensive. Satellite cells have been observed intimately in contact with injured myofibers. Myogenesis is accompanied by an increase in collagen fibrillogenesis associated with adjacent fibroblasts. Many of these latter cells appear to contain intracellular fibrils: the significance of these observations are discussed, and a basis for intracellular fibrillogenesis and tropocollagen accretion is proposed.The fine structure of the regeneration blastema cell agrees with the description offered by others for the adult newt limb regeneration.Early prochondral condensation of blastema cells is described briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051230306
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