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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ; Antidiuretic hormone ; Urinary sodium excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Säuglingen zwischen der 1. und 25. Lebenswoche und bei Kindern zwischen dem 1. und 14. Lebensjahr wurden Renin im Plasma und Aldosteron im Urin in Abhängigkeit von der Natriumausscheidung des Endharns gemessen. Es fand sich eine reziproke Beziehung, die zeigt, daß die hohen Renin- und Aldosteronwerte der Säuglingszeit durch die niedrige Natriumaufnahme mit der Nahrung bedingt sind. Ein zusätzlicher Stimulus ist das Hypothalamus-Hypophysenhinterlappen-System, da durch antidiuretisches Hormon (ADH) Renin und Aldosteron gesenkt werden, was zu einer vermehrten Natriumausscheidung im Harn führt. Die Untersuchungen lassen eine Rückkoppelung zwischen dem Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System und der ADH-Sekretion erkennen, und diese Rückkoppelung scheint für den Wasser- und Elektrolythaushalt während der Säuglingszeit von Bedeutung zu sein.
    Notes: Abstract In babies ranging in age from 1 to 25 weeks and in children between 1 and 14 years, plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone activity were determined in relation to urinary sodium excretion. A reciprocal correlation was found demonstrating that the hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is stimulated in infants by a low sodium intake. A second stimulus was observed in the influence of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system, when the plasma renin activity was suppressed by administration of antidiuretic hormone and sodium excretion increased due to a decreased aldosterone activity. Our study suggests that there exists a feedback between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and ADH release and that this feedback plays an important role in the regulation of water and electrolyte balance in the young infant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Renal prostaglandins ; cAMP ; Blood pressure ; Concentrating capacity ; Neonatal period
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationships between urinary prostaglandins (PGs)E2 and F2α and the postnatal development of blood pressure and renal concentrating capacity were investigated in 14 pre-term and 32 full term healthy infants. Mean PGE2 and PGF2α excretion was 18.9 and 10.1 ng/h/1.73 m2, respectively, in pre-term infants. In full term infants mean urinary PGE2 was signifincantly lower (13.4 ng/h/1.73 m2) and PGF2α significantly higher (22.2 ng/h/1.73 m2). The decrease of the PGE2/PGF2α ratio (P〈0.001) was accompanied by an increase in blood pressure. High PGE2 levels in pre-term infants were inversely correlated with urinary cAMP excretion. A decreasing PGE2/PGF2α ratio in full term infants was associated with increasing urinary osmolality. After intranasal administration of antidiuretic hormone (DDAVP) in 8 full term infants the increase in urinary osmolality and cAMP excretion was accompanied by a drop in PGE2 excretion to less than half the basal values. These findings suggests that the postnatal changes in urinary PG excretion are associated with a concomittant increase in blood pressure and in the concentrating capacity of the neonatal kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 124 (1977), S. 113-119 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Antidiuretic hormone ; Cyclic AMP ; Concentrating capacity ; Infant kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 15 infants between 1 and 31 weeks the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the renal concentrating capacity and urinary cyclic AMP (cAMP) was tested. A significant decrease of urine flow and a significant increase of osmolality, urea and cAMP was observed indicating that the distal nephron of the infant kidney is responsive to exogenous ADH and that its effect is mediated by cAMP. The results of a second series with 52 normally hydrated infants demonstrate that the nonlinear age-related increase of osmolality and urea in urine is accompanied by a similar pattern of cAMP excretion, pointing out that the maturation of the concentrating capacity seems to be related to an increasing responsiveness of the cAMP system to ADH. Furthermore the results raise the possibility that increasing concentrations of urea and solutes in the medulla and papilla of the infant kidney may have—in the presence of very low ADH secretion—an additional stimulating effect on cAMP formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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