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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intra- and interspecific avoidance of areas marked with skin extract from brook sticklebacks (Culaea inconstans) in a natural habitat (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1517-1524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Alarm signaling ; antipredator behavior ; Schreckstoff ; brook stickleback ; Culaea inconstans ; finescale dace ; Chrosomus neogaeus ; fathead minnow ; Pimephales promelas
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The detection of a chemical alarm pheromone may allow receivers to avoid areas where a predator has captured the prey's conspecifics. We marked minnow traps with either brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) skin extract or a control of distilled water and tested whether sticklebacks avoided the skin extract marked traps in a natural habitat. Significantly more sticklebacks were captured in traps marked with control water, thereby demonstrating avoidance of conspecific skin extract. The stickleback captured in traps marked with conspecific extract were significantly smaller than those captured in traps marked with control water, implicating ontogenetic factors (i.e., experience or physiological development) in the development of the response. We also captured significantly fewer finescale dace (Chrosomus neogaeus) and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in traps marked with skin extract. These data suggest that dace and minnows may benefit by avoiding areas where predators have recently captured sticklebacks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02059877
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reactions of Gammarus lacustris to Chemical Stimuli from Natural Predators and Injured Conspecifics (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1163-1173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Gammarus lacustris ; alarm pheromone ; kairomone ; predator avoidance ; antipredator behavior ; Esox lucius ; Aeshna eremita
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract We exposed the freshwater amphipod Gammarus lacustris, to chemical stimuli from injured conspecifics and to chemical stimuli from two types of natural predators: dragonfly larvae (Aeshna eremita) and northern pike (Esox lucius). Exposure to all three stimuli caused G. lacustris to reduce significantly its level of activity relative to activity recorded in response to a distilled water control. The similarity in responses to chemicals associated with predators and to injured conspecifics suggests the presence of an alarm pheromone within the body tissues of G. lacustris. In response to chemical stimuli from pike, G. lacustris tended to reduce its time in the water column and spend more time near the bottom of the test aquaria. However, no such trend was apparent in response to chemical stimuli from dragonfly larvae. The differences in response to chemical stimuli from pike and larval dragonflies suggest that G. lacustris does not have a rigid behavioral response to predation risk; instead, antipredator behavior may be modified to maximize avoidance of predators that are active in different microhabitats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006393.92013.36
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Risk-sensitive habitat use by brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) in areas associated with minnow alarm pheromone (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 2975-2983 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Predation risk ; area avoidance ; brook stickleback ; Culaea inconstans ; fathead minnow ; Pimephales promelas ; alarm pheromone ; Schreckstoff
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) share habitat and predators with cyprinid species, and they exploit the alarm pheromone of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to avoid areas of high predation risk. In this field experiment, we measured the retention and duration of area avoidance by brook stickleback from areas marked with alarm pheromone of fathead minnows. Area avoidance was greatest during the first 2 hr after the source of the alarm pheromone was removed (P〈0.05), but after 4 hr, area use was not significantly different from premarking levels. This study shows that brook stickleback: (1) use the alarm pheromone of fathead minnows to avoid high risk areas, (2) continue to avoid locations associated with predation risk after the source of the pheromone has gone, and (3) avoid risky areas temporarily, and resume use of risky areas after 2–4 hr. This behavioral response by stickleback to minnow alarm pheromone could serve to minimize risk of predation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02098403
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of olfaction in chemosensory-based predator recognition in the fathead minnow,Pimephales promelas (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 623-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Olfaction ; chemoreception ; solitary chemosensory cells ; predator recognition ; alarm pheromone ; Schreckstoff ; fathead minnow ; Pimephales promelas ; northern pike ; Esox lucius
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Solitary fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were rendered anosmic and exposed to chemical stimuli from a predatory northern pike (Esox lucius) to determine the role of olfaction in the minnow's ability to recognize predators on the basis of chemical stimuli. Anosmic fish did not respond to the pike stimuli with a typical fright reaction, while control fish, with intact olfactory receptors, did. These results demonstrate that the olfactory system is necessary for the ability of fathead minnows to recognize northern pike as a predator and that the gustatory and single-celled chemosensory systems are not sufficient for this recognition in the absence of olfactory input. Olfactory impairment was behaviorally confirmed by exposing minnows to alarm substance (Schreckstoff).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984997
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