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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy 1 (1996), S. 201-206 
    ISSN: 1437-7780
    Schlagwort(e): DU-6859a ; new quinolone ; clinical trial ; respiratory tract infection ; efficacy ; safety ; clinical utility
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The efficacy, safety, and clinical utility of DU-6859a, a novel “new quinolone” antibacterial agent, were evaluated in patients with mild-to-moderate pneumonia or chronic respiratory tract infection (RTI) in a multicenter study. DU-6859a was administered orally after meals at a dose of 50 to 100 mg, mainly twice daily, for 6 to 14 days. The clinical efficacy rate was 100% (26/26) for pneumonia and 89% (66/74) for chronic RTI, for an overall clinical efficacy rate of 92% (92/100). The overall eradication rate of causative organisms was 76% (42/55). Among the main causative organisms,Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, andPseudomonas aeruginosa had eradication rates of 100% (14/14), 100% (13/13), and 27% (4/15), respectively. Side effects such as abdominal discomfort, soft stools, headache, or swelling of the face and lips were observed in 5.6% (6/107) of patients; most of these symptoms were mild. Abnormal laboratory test findings, such as elevation of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and/or glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and eosinophilia, were noted in 16.5% (17/103) of patients; most of these abnormalities were mild. In conclusion, DU-6859a (50 to 100 mg b.i.d.) showed excellent efficacy for pneumonia and chronic RTI without causing any severe, clinically significant adverse reactions. These findings show that DU-6859a is worthy of further clinical study for the treatment of RTI.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1437-7780
    Schlagwort(e): burn ; septicemia ; infection ; pulmonary injury ; drug resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Serial microbiological tests were performed on 4 patients burned by the pyroclastic flow of Mt. Fugen in Unzen, Japan on June 3, 1991. The patients were young (average age, 30 years) and had extensive burns (average total burn surface area, 83%) and inhalation injury. All 4 patients died of multiple organ failure and septicemia. Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA) andPseudomonas aeruginosa were persistently isolated from bronchial aspirates, burn wounds and the blood until death. There were no differences in isolates among the 3 specimen sites.S. aureus isolated from all patients became resistant to all antibiotics used, and the use of imipenem/cilastatin sodium, and ceftazidime transformedP. aeruginosa to a resistant strain within a short period of time. On the other hand, the sensitivity to gentamicin varied from one patient to another. From a study of the phenotypic character ofS. aureus strains, there was a suggestion of nosocomial infection in 2 patients. Our results demonstrate that extensive burns are usually associated with bacteremia and septicemia. In spite of prudent management with antibiotics, the control of resistant bacteria is difficult. We stress the need for the development of specific therapy for severe infections in burn patients, encompassing immunotherapy, antibiotic treatment, and wound treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1437-7780
    Schlagwort(e): cellular immunity ; chronic renal failure ; hemodialysis ; infection ; neutrophil function ; nutritional index
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Infection is a major complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients on hemodialysis. We analyzed the incidence and type of infection occurring in 4841 patients on hemodialysis between 1986 and 1993 in our hospital and 11 other hemodialysis centers. Infection was noted in 193 patients (4.98 infections/1000 patients/year). Pneumonia (n=71) and bacteremia (n=24) were the 2 most common infections, followed by tuberculosis (n=14), herpes zoster infections (n=12) and infections at the vascular access site (n=12). The most commonly isolated organism in pneumonia, bacteremia and vascular access site infections wasStaphylococcus aureus. Analysis of the prognosis of patients with pneumonia showed a mortality rate of 50% in patients greater than 60 years old, which was significantly higher than that of younger patients (6.7%,P〈0.01), whereas the mortality rate in patients with bacteremia was not different between the 2 age groups (60.0% vs. 57.9%, respectively). We also analyzed changes in immunological function and nutritional status in 16 patients on hemodialysis and 21 healthy control subjects. Although the phagocytic and bactericidal activities of neutrophils and monocytes were not different between the groups, superoxide production, the percentage of natural killer cells and the degree of blastoid transformation with phytohemagglutinin stimulation were significantly lower in hemodialysis patients. Low levels of Niderman's index and serum albumin and transferrin indicated poor nutritional status in these patients. Furthermore, the degree of Niderman's index and serum albumin significantly correlated with impairment of immunological function, such as reduced blastoid transformation and the number of lymphocytes. Our results suggest that analysis of the patterns of infection in patients on hemodialysis should provide better management and that improvement of malnutrition may ameliorate impaired immunity in hemodialysis patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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