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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of polymerization temperature on polyaniline based electrorheological suspensions (1999)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 277 (1999), S. 73-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Electrorheological fluid ; Polyaniline ; Dielectric spectrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract As one of the intrinsically polarizable materials used in electrorheological (ER) fluid, polyaniline was synthesized by the chemical oxidation of aniline with ammonium peroxysulfate. ER fluids were prepared by dispersing polyaniline particles in silicone oil, and their rheological properties were measured. The effect of the polymerization temperature of polyaniline on its ER characteristics was investigated. ER fluids with polyaniline particles synthesized at −10°C (PA-10) showed the best ER performance (yield stress) compared with those synthesized at higher temperatures. A difference in the flow behavior of the ER fluids was also investigated through the dielectric spectra of ER fluids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050369
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aesthetic problems of eye protrusion in Orientals (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of plastic surgery 22 (1999), S. 308-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Key words Exophthalmos ; Protruding eyeball ; Decompression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The typical characteristics of Oriental faces are less prominent supraorbital ridges, a flat and broad nose, and thick, bulky upper eyelids. These characteristics make the eye appear protruded even when they are within the normal range or on the borderline of the exophthalmometric data. Prior to correction of the protruding eye, the patient’s medical and psychological status are investigated. The volume of the bony orbit is estimated using 3-D CT scan data and exophthalmometry before and after the operation. The surgical correction is planned to decompress the orbital contents with preservation of the visual axis. The lateral orbital wall is expanded without change of facial width. The medial wall and orbital floor are outfractured with preservation of continuity of the maxillary and ethmoid bone and sinus mucosa to prevent herniation of the orbital contents and disturbance of extraocular muscle dysfunction. Removal of the retrobulbar fat is mainly from the upper half of the orbit. In the past three years, orbital decompression has been performed in eight patients (12 eyes) for aesthetic reasons. The exophthalmometric data ranged from 17.5 mm to 19.5 mm, with an average of 18.3 mm before operation, this changed 2.0 to 7.0 mm with an average of 3.54 mm after operation. The postoperative complications were two cases of subconjunctival hemorrhage and one case of temporary diplopia. After follow-up of 14 months (4–38 months), there were no cosmetic or functional problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002380050269
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrorheological characteristics of polyaniline and its copolymer suspensions with ionic and nonionic substituents (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Electrorheological fluid ; N-substituted copolyaniline ; Polyaniline ; Poly(aniline-co-o-ethoxyaniline)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Electrorheological (ER) characteristics of ER fluids, composed of suspensions of semiconducting polyaniline and two different copolyaniline particles in silicone oil, were determined experimentally. Ionic sodium diphenylamine sulfonate and nonionic o-ethoxyaniline were used to synthesize copolyanilines, i.e. N-substituted copolyaniline and poly(aniline-co-o-ethoxyaniline), respectively. ER fluids composed of these three different polymers were compared with respect to their rheological properties under an applied electric field. It was found that ER fluids containing a copolymer with an ionic group exhibited the highest ER performance among polyaniline and its copolymer systems in a shear-rate region above 1 s−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050009
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and electrorheological characterization of emulsion-polymerized dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid doped polyaniline-based suspensions (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 894-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Electrorheological fluid ; Polyaniline ; Emulsion polymerization ; Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid ; Suspension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The electrorheological (ER) properties of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) doped polyaniline suspensions in silicone oil were investigated. In contrast to chemically polymerized polyaniline in an acidic aqueous medium by oxidation polymerization, we adopted an emulsion polymerization technique in which aniline is polymerized in an emulsion of water and a nonpolar (or weakly polar) organic solvent. The effects of electric field strength and particle concentration on the ER properties of DBSA-doped polyaniline suspensions in silicone oil were then examined. Rheological measurements were also carried out using a rotational rheometer with a high-voltage generator in both controlled shear rate and shear stress modes, and the results showed that the ER properties were enhanced by increasing the particle concentration and electric field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960000360
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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