Bibliothek

feed icon rss

Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
Filter
  • Delia antiqua  (6)
  • host-finding  (4)
  • Epiphyas postvittana  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 77 (1995), S. 323-334 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Epiphyas postvittana ; orientation ; movement ; colour ; stemmata
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract When neonate larvae of a leafroller moth,Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were released into the middle of a circular arena with blue paper on one side of the arena and apple foliage on the other side, more larvae walked towards the apple foliage. These oriented responses were enhanced, in terms of the number of larvae responding, by increasing the amount of light reflected from or transmitted through apple foliage. Larvae also responded to painted targets, and specifically to targets reflecting light in the region of 470–570 nm (green-yellow region to the human eye). When the amount of 470–570 nm reflected from targets was reduced, numbers of larvae responding to targets decreased. The addition of 400–500 nm reflected light to 470–570 nm reflected light also resulted in a reduction of oriented responses to targets. Tests using neutral colours (white, black, and a series of greys) indicated that, in the absence of targets reflecting primarily in the 470–570 nm region, larvae oriented towards targets with low levels of reflectance. When the orientation of walking larvae was measured at various distances from targets of different colours or diameters, targets subtending 5–8 degrees elicited responses from 50% of all larvae. Behaviour other than walking was also influenced by visual stimuli: fewer larvae spun down on a silken thread when blue paper was placed beneath a walking platform than when brown or green papers were present.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 63 (1992), S. 283-289 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Anthomyiidae ; egg distribution ; soil sampling ; agar infusion ; insecticide ; Lorsban™ 15 G ; chlorpyrifos ; Dyfonate™ 15 G ; fonofos ; ovipositional behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A method for rapidly determining the vertical and horizontal distribution of insect eggs in fragile soil is described. Liquefied agar is allowed to permeate intact soil samples from below; after cooling, the resulting solid is cut into thin sections, from which eggs can be recovered by washes with hot water. This technique revealed that in organic (muck) soil in the laboratory, undisturbed onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), laid 95% of their eggs within a 10 mm diameter zone around the base of a surrogate onion ‘stem’ arising vertically from the soil. Ninety % of all eggs were found in the top 12 mm of soil, with an apparent maximum at depth of 2–4 mm. Increasing fly density from 30 to 200 flies per 30×30×42 cm cage flattened the horizontal distribution of eggs and extended the ovipositional range from c. 15 mm to beyond 60 mm, suggesting there was competition for the preferred ovipositional sites. Surface treatment of muck soil in the field by granular formulations of the insecticides Lorsban™ 15 G (active ingredient chlorpyrifos) and Dyfonate™ 15 G (fonofos) three weeks prior to bioassaying reduced egg-laying at depths greater than 8 mm. The relation between the measured egg distribution and mortality factors in soil (low moisture and high temperature) is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 4 (1991), S. 773-792 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): Delia antiqua ; Anthomyiidae ; Diptera ; herbivore ; egg-laying ; host-finding ; sensory systems ; chemoreception ; n-dipropyl disulfide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Behavioral responses of female onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen), to hostplant cues were quantified during encounters of individual flies with onion plants and onion foliar surrogates. The behavioral repertoire of such females included sitting, grooming, running up and down foliar surfaces, extension of the proboscis such that the labellum contacted foliar and soil surfaces, movements of the tip of the abdomen over surfaces (surface probing), subsurface probing of soil crevices with the ovipositor, and oviposition. Sequences of behaviors preceding oviposition were probabilistic rather than highly stereotyped but generally followed the order given above. Foliar surrogates were used to determine the effects of n-dipropyl disulfide (Pr2S2) on the sequence of behaviors leading up to oviposition. The addition of a Pr2S2-treated surrogate to a cage increased the frequency of alighting on that surrogate but also increased alighting on a nearby foliar surrogate without Pr2S2. After alighting, females encountering surrogates treated with Pr2S2 had shorter latencies to proboscis extension and surface probing, spent less time sitting and grooming, and had runs of shorter duration. These females were also more likely to make the transition from probing of surfaces of foliage and soil to subsurface probing of soil crevices and oviposition. Thus, rather than mediating a particular step in the behavioral sequence, Pr2S2 played a role throughout the sequence leading up to oviposition. Collectively, these data and past studies on the onion fly support the hypothesis that egglaying is triggered by a temporal summation of inputs to the central nervous system from various sensory modalities rather than strict behavioral chaining, with each transition effected by some unique cue.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 5 (1992), S. 699-720 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): sex pheromone ; landing behavior ; visual cues ; Epiphyas postvittana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of changes in various visual and olfactory properties of a white card surface on the landing position of male Epiphyas postvittanaexhibiting pheromone-mediated flight were studied in a wind tunnel. Males landed predominantly at the most downwind position of a surface in line with the pheromone source, regardless of the strength of the source. The position on the surface that males landed was strongly influenced by visual factors. The landing position of males appeared to be influenced by visual cues along all three axes of the surface. Decreases in either the dimension horizontally perpendicular to the wind direction or the vertical dimension resulted in greater numbers of males landing farther upwind on the surface than the downwind edge. Visual changes in the axis along the wind direction also affected the position at which males landed. For example, when presented with two white card surfaces with a 4- cm gap between them, males tended to land on the downwind edge of the upwind surface (on which the source was located). When the gap was bridged with clear Mylar, the landing pattern was significantly different, with the greater proportion of males landing on the downwind surface. However, when Mylar was placed on the plexiglass floor of the tunnel (in addition to bridging the gap), the landing pattern on the surface was not significantly different from that on the two surfaces without the Mylar bridge. It is suggested that during the prelanding and landing phases of pheromone-mediated flight, male moths orient to visual features of the surface containing the pheromone source rather than to visual features of the source (conspecific female moth) itself.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 4 (1991), S. 707-726 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): Orthoptera ; Acrididae ; color vision ; spatial vision ; orientation ; host-finding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The visual behavior of adult Melanoplus sanguinipesF. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) was investigated by placing individuals in the center of an arena and recording their orientation responses to visual targets at the perimeter of the arena. Targets that reflected more 540- to 570-nm light were approached more frequently; however, when reflectance in the 540 -to 570-nm region was combined with reflectance in the 400- to 520-nm region, orientation responses were reduced significantly. This suggests that spectral discrimination in M. sanguinipesinvolves at least two classes of photoreceptors, which respond to different regions of the wavelength spectrum. In addition, grasshoppers oriented to vertical, but not horizontal, contrasting stripes. However, when vertical stripes were added to targets reflecting 520- to 650-nm light, responses to verticals on these targets were not enhanced relative to verticals presented against a target background of 400- to 520-nm + 520- to 650-nm light. Thus, spectral discrimination and vertical stripe fixation appear to be two distinct visual behaviors, controlled by outputs from two classes of photoreceptors and a single class of photoreceptors, respectively, and may be used in different physiological or ecological contexts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 54 (1990), S. 245-255 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Dalbulus ; leafhoppers ; host-finding ; maize models ; color ; flight behavior ; habitat stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Nous avons examiné l'importance de la couleur dans la découverte de l'hôte, en comparant au laboratoire les réactions avant et après contacts avec des plants de maïs,-à 4 feuilles-, et avec des leurres peints présentant des différences de nuance ou de quantité de lumière réfléchie, chez 3 espèces de Dalbulus: D. maidis,-spécialiste du maïs-, D. gelbus,-qui consomme le maïs et Tripsacum, et D. quinquenotatus,-spécialiste de Tripsacum. Les espèces entrent en contact avec le maïs plus en voltigeant que par la marche, mâles et femelles séjournant plusieurs heures après être entrés en contact. En utilisant des leurres végétaux,-des morceaux de bois verticaux peints de différentes couleurs-, une forte réponse au jaune, due à la teinte plus qu'à l'intensité, a été mise en évidence. Il n'y a pas de différence dans les contacts après voltige ou après marche avec des leurres jaunes pour D. maidis et D. gelbus, tandis que chez D. quinquenotatus, ils sont plus fréquents après voltige. Ces 3 espèces de Dalbulus continuent à être influencées par la couleur après contact, puisque chaque espèce reste plus longtemps sur le jaune que sur les autres couleurs. L'importance de la stimulation par la couleur dans la découverte des hôtes par Dalbulus est semble-t-il due au comportement de vol et à la stabilité de l'habitat dans la nature.
    Notizen: Abstract The importance of color stimuli in host-finding by Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott), D. gelbus DeLong, and D. quinquenotatus DeLong & Nault (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) was determined by comparing pre- and post-contact responses of leafhoppers to maize seedlings (Zea mays L.) with those to vertical models varying in hue or value (total amount of reflected light). For each species, more contacts were made with maize by jumping/flying than by walking, and both sexes remained on maize for similar times after contact. When presented simultaneously with seven models (vertical wooden rods) painted in different colors, each species made more contacts with yellow. Yellow also received more contacts when it was present in a group of four colors. There were no differences in contacts made with the yellow model by jumping/flying or by walking for D. maidis and D. gelbus, but D. quinquenotatus made more contacts by jumping/flying than by walking. If yellow was not present in the group, the color reflecting maximally between 500–580 nm received more contacts compared to the other three colors. Responses to a series of neutrals indicated contacts were elicited primarily because of hue, and not changes in value. Yellow also elicited tenure as long or significantly longer than other colors after contact with a model. For each species, there were no differences in tenure between males and females on models. The importance of color stimuli in host-finding by Dalbulus leafhoppers is suggested to be influenced by differences in flight behavior and habitat stability of field hosts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 43 (1987), S. 279-286 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Delia antiqua ; Hylemya ; Anthomyiidae ; onion fly ; antixenosis ; oviposition behaviour ; plant-insect interactions ; resistance ; host-plant stimuli
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé A la lumière d'opinions récentes concernant la découverte des plantes-hôtes par D. antiqua, nous avons examiné les conditions de la ‘résistance’ chez plusieurs lignées de A. cepa les moins attaquées lors d'essais en plein champ aux Pays-Bas, et dont on considérait que la ‘résistance’ était due à une antixénose. Des femelles gravides en présence, au laboratoire, d'un choix de plants de 6 semaines, pondent en moyenne 1,6 à 34,8 oeufs par plant. Les différences entre les pontes correspondent aux tailles des plants. Si l'on tient compte de ces dernières, l'analyse de covariance ne montre pas de différence significative entre les pontes sur les différentes lignées. Des substituts de feuilles ont été créés de façon à faire varier les paramètres de taille tout en maintenant constants les autres stimuli de la plante: pour des plantes, dont le diamètre à la base variait de 1 à 4 mm et la hauteur de 100 à 350 mm, seul le diamètre a significativement influé sur la ponte. Les pontes sur les plantes hors de ces dimensions n'ont pu être expliquées par les seules différences de diamètre. Comme les paysans des principales régions productrices d'oignons d'Europe et des U.S.A. font des bénéfices importants avec la culture d'oignons précoces, ces lignées, sélectionnées par mégarde pour leur développement lent, ne sont probablement pas une bonne source de ‘résistance’ à la mouche de l'oignon. Cependant, ces résultats soulignent la nécessité de tenir autant compte de la taille de la plante que de son chimisme ou de sa texture lors de l'évaluation et de la création de cultivars résistants.
    Notizen: Abstract When gravid onion fly females, Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) were presented in laboratory choice test with 6-week-old plants of a susceptible cultivar and of onion breeding lines selected for resistance, mean numbers of eggs laid ranged from 34.8 to 1.6 eggs per plant. Differences in ovipositional responses were mirrored by differences in plant size. Analysis of covariance revealed no significant differences in ovipositional responses to breeding lines when differences in size were taken into account. Foliar surrogates were developed so that single size parameters could be varied while holding all other plant stimuli constant. Tests using these surrogates revealed that among plants with basal diameters of 1 to 4 mm and heights of 100 to 350 mm, diameter alone significantly influenced responses of ovipositing females. Ovipositional responses to plants beyond this size range could not be explained strictly by diameter differences. These results underscore the necessity of considering plant size as well as plant chemistry and texture in efforts to evalute and design resistant cultivars.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 38 (1985), S. 151-155 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Onion maggot ; onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; feeding preference ; Allium cepa ; plant nitrogen ; insect/plant interactions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract When given a choice of feeding sites in laboratory arenas, Delia antiqua (Meigen) larvae exhibited a 3: 1 bias for internal vs outer sections of onion bulbs and distributed themselves non-randomly among identical preferred onion sections. Larval clustering did not appear to be correlated with increased fitness in the laboratory; larval development was identical across the range of densities from 1 to 50 larvae per onion. Larvae feeding on preferred internal sections developed 14% faster, were 38% heavier upon pupation, and were two times more likely to survive to the adult stage than larvae feeding on outer sections. D. antiqua larval food preference was therefore positively correlated with increased fitness.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 1717-1738 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Walking ; dispersal ; epicuticular waxes ; volatiles ; host-finding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract When introduced into a wind tunnel with low windspeeds (0.2–0.3 m/sec), neonate E. postvittana larvae were more likely to walk in a downwind rather than upwind direction. This tendency to walk downwind did not change when odors from apple leaves or fruit were introduced into the wind tunnel. In a second assay that measured travel times of larvae as they walked from the center to the edge of filter paper disks, larvae moved more slowly on disks treated with extracts of apple leaves or extracts of apple fruit, but did not slow their movement on disks treated with extracts of a nonhost, Coprosma repens. Analysis of videorecords revealed that larvae on disks treated with a dichloromethane extract of apple leaves took more circuitous routes, walked more slowly, and stopped more frequently than larvae walking on solvent-treated disks. When the dosage of this dichloromethane apple leaf extract was increased or when larvae were held without food prior to testing, differences between travel times on solvent- and extract-treated disks did not increase significantly. The dichloromethane apple leaf extract, when tested in the wind tunnel with low windspeeds, also caused larvae to delay spinning down on a silken thread after reaching the edge of the disk, but had no effect on spin-down times when tested in still-air conditions. Testing of rotary evaporated apple leaf extracts and fractionation of these extracts indicated that a number of both volatile and relatively involatile chemicals contribute to the behavioral responses of E. postvittana larvae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1477-1488 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Delia antiqua ; onion fly ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; food attractants ; host attractants ; microbial attractants ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; bacteria ; Allium ; onion ; garlic ; chive
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Of various chopped vegetables tested,Allium spp. high in propyl-containing alkyl sulfides (e.g.,cepa group) caught the most onion flies in trapping tests in the field. Fly catches to chopped onion increased with bait quantity. Attractancy of chopped onion changed dramatically during aging in the field; catch increased over the first few days, peaked at ca. fivefold over fresh material by 3–5 days, and then declined sharply. This age-dependent increase in attraction was not seen for garlic (known to have antimicrobial properties) nor with chopped onion mixed with chopped garlic. These data suggested that attraction of onion flies to onions was strongly influenced by microbial activity associated with decomposing onions. The bacteriumKlebsiella pneumoniae was identified as a major colonizer of onions maximally attractive to onion flies. This increased attraction is not due to the previously reported microbially produced volatiles ethyl acetate and tetramethyl pyrazine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...