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  • Cerebral cortex  (2)
  • Diabetic neuropathy  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cerebral cortex in congenital hydrocephalus in the H-Tx rat: a quantitative light microscopy study (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hydrocephalus ; Rat ; Cerebral cortex ; Cortical cell density ; Capillary density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hydrocephalus in the H-Tx rat first develops in late gestation and causes death at 4–7 weeks. The effect of hydrocephalus on overall cortical dimensions and on five specific regions (frontal, sensory-motor, parietal, auditory and visual) has been studied by quantitative light microscopy at 10 and 30 days after birth. The lateral ventricle volumes in hydrocephalic rats were about 40x larger than controls and increased fourfold between 10 and 30 days. Cortical volume was reduced by a small amount at 10 days but was larger in hydrocephalics at 30 days. Thinning of the cortical mantle was severe with disruption of the laminar structure, particularly in the auditory and visual regions, where it was already present at 10 days. The density of cortical cells (neurones and glia) was not altered in hydrocephalics at 10 days but was reduced in all regions at 30 days. Estimates of total cell number suggest that the lower density was not associated with an overall loss of cells. Capillary numerical density was not affected by the hydrocephalus at 10 days after birth but by 30 days it was significantly lower, particularly in the worst-affected posterior regions. The results show that the cerebral cortex is severely distorted and that in advanced hydrocephalus, although overall cell number is not affected, both cell density and capillary density are lower by up to 30%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294448
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exercise-induced conduction velocity increment: a marker of impaired peripheral nerve blood flow in diabetic neuropathy (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic neuropathy ; nerve blood flow ; sural nerve ; sural sensory conduction velocity ; temperature ; exercise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Severe microvascular disease exists at the stage of clinical diabetic neuropathy. A non-invasive test that will identify those diabetic subjects who will eventually develop neuropathy is essential for early intervention. Sural sensory conduction velocity was recorded (x 3) in 12 non-neuropathic diabetic subjects, 15 diabetic subjects with established neuropathy and 16 age-matched normal control subjects, before and after exercise to 80% age/sex predicted maximum heart rate. Fixed sural electrodes were used. Subcutaneous temperature was recorded by a needle thermocouple placed near the sural nerve. Sural sensory conduction velocity increased significantly after exercise in normal subjects (p〈0.01, mean increase 5.07 m/s) and non-neuropathic diabetic subjects (p〈0.02, mean increase 3.99 m/s) but not in neuropathic subjects (mean increase 0.99 m/s). Subcutaneous temperature rose significantly in normal subjects (p〈0.01, mean increase 2.07°C) and non-neuropathic diabetic subjects (p〈0.001, mean increase 2.52 °C) but not in neuropathic subjects (mean increase 0.15 °C). However, sural sensory conduction velocity increased by 1.2 m · s−1. °C−1 following direct warming of the limb in six neuropathic subjects which was comparable to that of normal and non-neuropathic subjects (1.49 and 1.48 m · s−1. °C−1). The impairment of exercise conduction increment in diabetic neuropathy suggests impaired nerve blood flow in diabetic neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402548
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired blood flow and arterio-venous shunting in human diabetic neuropathy: a novel technique of nerve photography and fluorescein angiography (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 1266-1274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic neuropathy ; sural nerve ; nerve blood flow ; epineurial vessel photography ; fluorescein angiography ; arterio-venous shunting ; vasa nervorum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary New techniques of sural nerve photography and fluorescein angiography which are able to provide an index of nerve blood flow have been developed. Under local anaesthetic, 3 cm of sural nerve was exposed at the ankle using an operating microscope. Without disturbing the epineurium, vessels were identified and photographed at a standard magnification (× 30). These were independently graded by an ophthalmologist not otherwise involved with the study. Fluorescein angiography was then carried out on the exposed nerve. The fluorescein appearance time and intensity of fluorescence were quantified, using computer analysis of digitised images. Thirteen subjects with chronic sensory motor neuropathy, five non-neuropathic diabetic and nine normal control subjects were studied. The mean epineurial vessel pathology score of the neuropathic group was significantly higher than the combined normal control and non-neuropathic diabetic groups (p 〈0.01). Direct epineurial arteriovenous shunting was observed in six neuropathic and one non-neuropathic diabetic patients and not in any of the normal control subjects. The nerve fluorescein appearance time was significantly delayed in subjects with chronic sensory motor neuropathy (51.5 ± 12 s) compared to both normal (34.7 ± 9 s, p 〈0.01) and non-neuropathic diabetic subjects (33.4 ± 11 s, p 〈0.025). The mean intensity of fluorescence at 96, 252 and 576 s, was significantly lower in subjects with chronic sensory motor neuropathy compared with both of the other groups (p 〈0.05). The epineurial vessel pathology score was significantly related to reduced sural (p 〈0.01) and peroneal (p 〈0.001) nerve conduction velocities, elevated vibration (p 〈0.01) and thermal (p 〈0.001) perception and the severity of retinopathy (p 〈0.002). The fluorescein appearance time was significantly related to reduced sural sensory (p 〈0.02) conduction velocity, elevated vibration (p 〈0.01) perception and epineurial vessel (p 〈0.002) pathology score, but it failed to relate to peroneal motor (p = 0.06) conduction velocity, thermal (p = 0.1) perception and the severity of retinopathy (p = 0.3). Intensity of fluorescence was significantly related to fluorescein appearance time (at 96 s, p 〈0.001; at 576 s, p 〈0.05) but did not relate to measures of neuropathic severity. These techniques have enabled us to observe that epineurial vessel anatomy is abnormal and that nerve blood flow is impaired in subjects with chronic sensory motor neuropathy. In addition epineurial arterio-venous shunting may be a feature of diabetic neuropathy. These techniques may further be applied to study nerve blood flow in early diabetic neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400804
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ventricle shunting in young H-Tx rats with inherited congenital hydrocephalus: a quantitative histological study of cortical grey matter (1994)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 10 (1994), S. 293-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Ventricle shunting ; Hydrocephalus ; H-Tx rat ; Cerebral cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Shunt surgery is the usual treatment for infantile hydrocephalus, but its precise effects on ventricles and cortex are not well understood. Infant H-Tx rats with inherited hydrocephalus, which have progressive enlargement of the lateral ventricles and thinned cerebral cortex, have been used to study the effect of ventriculosubcutaneous shunts by quantitative light microscopy. Two groups of rats received shunts at mean ages of 7 and 13 days after birth. The brains were processed for wax histology at either 14 or 21 days (n = 3 per group) together with age-matched control and unshunted (hydrocephalic) rats. Ventricle areas were measured and the volume calculated and the cortical layers in five cortical regions were measured. Shungting prevented further expansion of ventricles which were already enlarged at the time of operation, and resulted in volumes which were intermediate between those in control and unshunted rats. Cortical thinning was partially reversed by shunting and the thickness and number of discernible cortical laminae was improved. It is concluded that shunting was largely successful at preventing the pathological effects of hydrocephalus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335166
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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