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  • Diptera  (7)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (2)
  • Onion fly  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 63 (1992), S. 283-289 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Anthomyiidae ; egg distribution ; soil sampling ; agar infusion ; insecticide ; Lorsban™ 15 G ; chlorpyrifos ; Dyfonate™ 15 G ; fonofos ; ovipositional behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A method for rapidly determining the vertical and horizontal distribution of insect eggs in fragile soil is described. Liquefied agar is allowed to permeate intact soil samples from below; after cooling, the resulting solid is cut into thin sections, from which eggs can be recovered by washes with hot water. This technique revealed that in organic (muck) soil in the laboratory, undisturbed onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), laid 95% of their eggs within a 10 mm diameter zone around the base of a surrogate onion ‘stem’ arising vertically from the soil. Ninety % of all eggs were found in the top 12 mm of soil, with an apparent maximum at depth of 2–4 mm. Increasing fly density from 30 to 200 flies per 30×30×42 cm cage flattened the horizontal distribution of eggs and extended the ovipositional range from c. 15 mm to beyond 60 mm, suggesting there was competition for the preferred ovipositional sites. Surface treatment of muck soil in the field by granular formulations of the insecticides Lorsban™ 15 G (active ingredient chlorpyrifos) and Dyfonate™ 15 G (fonofos) three weeks prior to bioassaying reduced egg-laying at depths greater than 8 mm. The relation between the measured egg distribution and mortality factors in soil (low moisture and high temperature) is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 4 (1991), S. 773-792 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): Delia antiqua ; Anthomyiidae ; Diptera ; herbivore ; egg-laying ; host-finding ; sensory systems ; chemoreception ; n-dipropyl disulfide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Behavioral responses of female onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen), to hostplant cues were quantified during encounters of individual flies with onion plants and onion foliar surrogates. The behavioral repertoire of such females included sitting, grooming, running up and down foliar surfaces, extension of the proboscis such that the labellum contacted foliar and soil surfaces, movements of the tip of the abdomen over surfaces (surface probing), subsurface probing of soil crevices with the ovipositor, and oviposition. Sequences of behaviors preceding oviposition were probabilistic rather than highly stereotyped but generally followed the order given above. Foliar surrogates were used to determine the effects of n-dipropyl disulfide (Pr2S2) on the sequence of behaviors leading up to oviposition. The addition of a Pr2S2-treated surrogate to a cage increased the frequency of alighting on that surrogate but also increased alighting on a nearby foliar surrogate without Pr2S2. After alighting, females encountering surrogates treated with Pr2S2 had shorter latencies to proboscis extension and surface probing, spent less time sitting and grooming, and had runs of shorter duration. These females were also more likely to make the transition from probing of surfaces of foliage and soil to subsurface probing of soil crevices and oviposition. Thus, rather than mediating a particular step in the behavioral sequence, Pr2S2 played a role throughout the sequence leading up to oviposition. Collectively, these data and past studies on the onion fly support the hypothesis that egglaying is triggered by a temporal summation of inputs to the central nervous system from various sensory modalities rather than strict behavioral chaining, with each transition effected by some unique cue.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 2421-2435 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Hessian fly ; Mayetiola destructor ; Diptera ; Cecidomyiidae ; flight ; anemotaxis ; orientation ; olfaction ; enantiomer ; mating
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In a wind-tunnel, male Hessian flies flying toward a source of the female-produced sex pheromone exhibited flight maneuvers very similar to those described for male moths. Upwind flight, consisting of zigzagging and straight flight upwind, was initiated within seconds after flies were placed in the odor plume. This upwind flight was sometimes interrupted by casting, which consisted of wide excursions in the horizontal plane ranging 10–35 cm across the central zone of the tunnel. Comparison of the flight maneuvers of males exposed to ten female equivalents of a hexane extract of female ovipositors and males exposed to 20 ng of (2S)-(E)10-tridecen-2-yl acetate (SE10-13:OAc), which has been identified as a component of the Hessian fly sex pheromone, indicated that the sex pheromone probably contains additional components. However, SE10-13: OAc elicited upwind flight and source location by a significant number of males, even at dosages as low as 2 ng on filter paper. At the highest dosage of SE10-13:OAc tested (200 ng on filter paper), there was a significant decrease in net flight velocity and a slight, but not significant, reduction in the number of males contacting the odor source. The addition of increasing amounts of the R enantiomer to the S enantiomer resulted in increased inhibition of upwind flight and source contact by males.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 2335-2354 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Mayetiola destructor ; Diptera ; Cecidomyiidae ; grasses ; Triticeae ; insect–plant relationships ; oviposition ; sensory ecology ; Hessian fly
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract To identify features of plants that mediate host selection behavior in the Hessian fly, we established the ranking of six grasses by ovipositing females and then ran choice tests with plant models that incorporated physical and/or chemical features of the six grasses. In tests with real plants, egg counts revealed the following ranking: 18ITSN triticale 〉 Otane hexaploid bread wheat 〉 Fleet barley 〉 PND tetraploid durum wheat 〉 3424 hexaploid bread wheat 〉 Awapuni oat. On all six grasses, the adaxial side of the leaf received more eggs than the abaxial side. In tests with green paper models treated with extracts of the six grasses, egg counts were similar to egg counts on real plants. In tests with models that incorporated a molded resin imprint of an abaxial or adaxial leaf surface, egg counts on adaxial models, but not abaxial models, again were similar to egg counts on real plants. In two final tests a factorial design was used to compare the effects of the chemical and physical features of two pairs of grasses: (1) two bread wheats, Otane and 3424; and (2) a bread wheat and an oat, Otane and Awapuni. In the two tests, the effects of the physical features of the models were at least as important as the effects of the chemical features.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1965-1980 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Hessian fly ; Mayetiola destructor ; Diptera ; Cecidomyiidae ; oviposition stimulants ; wheat ; rye ; barley ; oat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract More than twice the number of mated female Hessian flies,Mayetiola destructor (Say) entered a zone within 1 cm of a paper strip treated with one plant equivalent (PE) of a chloroform extract of wheat foliar waxes compared to a strip treated with solvent only; females also stayed six times longer and laid 10 times more eggs on the strip treated with the wheat extract. Column chromatographic fractionation of the wheat extract and application of these fractions onto filter paper strips showed four fractions elicited significant numbers of eggs to be laid. Single, binary, and tertiary combinations of three of these fractions (two of the four fractions apparently contained similar compounds) were tested. The greatest numbers of eggs were laid on strips treated with the tertiary combination or the binary combination conaining the two most active fractions (3 and 6); three times the number of eggs were laid on strips treated with this binary combination than the sum of eggs laid on strips treated with these two fractions separately. A comparison of grasses and their extracts showed female Hessian flies laid greater numbers of eggs on wheat or rye than on barley or oat. Fractionated barley and oat extracts were tested for activity as for wheat, and a similar pattern was observed, i.e., the greatest numbers of eggs were laid on fractions 3 and 6. Dose-response tests, using these two fractions of wheat, barley, or oat showed the same threshold of activity for fraction 3 for all three extracts, i.e., 2 PE. In contrast, fraction 6 of wheat was active at the lowest dosage tested, 0.25 PE, while the same fraction of either barley or oat was not active until tested at a dosage of 2 PE. It appears that (at least) two chemicals in the foliar waxes of these grasses influence ovipositional behavior of female Hessian flies. Furthermore, given the similar foliar chemistry of these grasses and the strong synergistic interaction between fractions 3 and 6 shown for wheat extract, it is likely that the ovipositional preferences exhibited by female Hessian flies towards these grasses may be explained by quantitative differences in the amount(s) of the active chemical(s) in their respective fraction 6 (most polar fraction tested).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 2639-2655 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Diptera ; Cecidomyiidae ; Dasineura mali ; apple ; flight ; wind tunnel ; oviposition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The behavioral responses of apple leafcurling midge,Dasineura mali Kieffer, mated females to foliage from host and nonhost trees were investigated in a wind tunnel. When released downwind of apple or pear foliage, females exposed to apple were more likely to exhibit upwind flight and to approach and land on foliage. On apple foliage, landings were concentrated on buds and immature leaves. Probability of taking flight and latency to flight did not differ for females exposed to apple and pear. When foliage was placed behind screens to obscure plant visual stimuli, females again distinguished between apple and pear, with more of the females exposed to apple odors flying upwind and landing. Females exposed to pear odors were more likely to fly upwind, approach, and land than females exposed to clean air. Odors from immature apple foliage triggered orientation responses in a larger percentage of females than odors from mature apple foliage. A dichloromethane extract of immature apple foliage also triggered orientation responses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1477-1488 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Delia antiqua ; onion fly ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; food attractants ; host attractants ; microbial attractants ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; bacteria ; Allium ; onion ; garlic ; chive
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Of various chopped vegetables tested,Allium spp. high in propyl-containing alkyl sulfides (e.g.,cepa group) caught the most onion flies in trapping tests in the field. Fly catches to chopped onion increased with bait quantity. Attractancy of chopped onion changed dramatically during aging in the field; catch increased over the first few days, peaked at ca. fivefold over fresh material by 3–5 days, and then declined sharply. This age-dependent increase in attraction was not seen for garlic (known to have antimicrobial properties) nor with chopped onion mixed with chopped garlic. These data suggested that attraction of onion flies to onions was strongly influenced by microbial activity associated with decomposing onions. The bacteriumKlebsiella pneumoniae was identified as a major colonizer of onions maximally attractive to onion flies. This increased attraction is not due to the previously reported microbially produced volatiles ethyl acetate and tetramethyl pyrazine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1261-1277 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Onion fly ; onion maggot ; Delia antiqua ; Hylemya antiqua ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae ; host selection ; oviposition ; dipropyl disulfide ; behavior ; herbivore ; plant-insect interactions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Onion fly females,Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) laid the most eggs on ovipositional dishes havingn-dipropyl disulfide (Pr2S2) release rates of 1–6 ng/sec from polyethylene capsules placed beneath a sand substrate. When dipropyl disulfide was released from the wax coating of surrogate foliage rather than from the substrate, ovipositing females again responded differentially to various concentrations, laying more eggs around stems containing 0.075 and 0.089 mg/stem. Factorial combinations of several concentrations released from surrogate foliage and substrate showed that releases from surrogate foliage stimulated four times more egg-laying than releases from the substrate. Females tended to lay more eggs around surrogate stems having Pr2S2 at the base rather than on the upper half of foliage. Observations of individual females performing preovipositional examining behaviors on Pr2S2-treated surrogate stems indicated that females tended to land on the upper portions of the foliage, but after landing, spent most of their time examining areas of soil and surrogate within 1 cm of the soil-surrogate foliage interface. Surrogate stems provide a realistic context for investigating effects of plant chemicals on host-acceptance behaviors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 57 (1995), S. 351-361 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Schlagwort(e): cell cycle ; cell division ; protein phosphorylation ; phosphotyrosine ; caffeine ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Changes in protein tyrosine phosphorylation are known to be important for regulating cell cycle progression. With the aim of identifying new proteins involved in the regulation of mitosis, we used an antibody against phosphotyrosine to analyze proteins from synchronized human and hamster cells. At least seven proteins were found that displayed mitosis-specific tyrosine phosphorylation in HeLa cells (pp165, 205, 240, 250, 270, 290, and ∼ 400) and one such protein in hamster BHK cells (pp155). In synchronized HeLa and BHK cells, all proteins except HeLa pp165, pp205, and pp250 were readily detectable only in mitosis. Tyrosine phosphorylation of pp165, pp205, and pp250 was apparent during arrest in S phase, suggesting that cell cycle perturbations can affect the phosphorylation state of some of these proteins. In a related finding in BHK cells, pp155 underwent tyrosine phosphorylation when cells were forced into premature mitosis by caffeine treatment. Only one protein (pp135 in HeLa cells) was found to be dephosphorylated on tyrosine during mitosis. The above findings may prove helpful for isolating new cell cycle proteins that are important for both the normal regulation of mitosis and the mitotic aberrations associated with cell cycle perturbations and chemical treatments.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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