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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • Dispersal  (1)
  • zone method  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 20 (1996), S. 193-202 
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Dispersal ; Panonychus ulmi ; apple orchards
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Aerial dispersal of European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), in commercial apple orchards was estimated by trapping windborne mites. Studies were conducted at four orchards in eastern New York during 1989 and 1990 and at three orchards in western New York during 1989. In each orchard mites were trapped in three locations; the interior of the orchard, at the border of the orchard and in a field or woodlot beyond the orchard. Large numbers of mites were captured, even when the numbers of mites on apple foliage were well below levels where mite injury to leaves was visible (less than five per leaf). The log numbers of mites trapped were linearly related to the log density of mites on leaves and this relationship was consistent for each year and region the study was conducted. The trap captures among the three locations in and outside an orchard were highly correlated. The implications these findings may have on metapopulation dynamics and resistance to acaricide dynamics are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1997), S. 803-813 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: thermal radiation ; spectral effects ; zone method ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Recent work has shown that many ceramic fibres which are increasingly used to line industrial furnaces have highly spectral-dependent emissivities. This paper presents an extension to the standard zone method for radiative heat transfer calculations which directly models spectral variation in surface and gas properties. A short description of the zone method is given along with a summary of the weighted sum of grey gases model. This is often used as a means of representing the temperature dependence of total gas properties brought about because of the spectral non-uniformity of these properties. When surfaces as well as the gas are non-grey, a new approach is required. The method of this paper is based on dividing the spectrum into a number of bands and treating the properties as constant within each band.This method can be used directly if the boundary conditions specify all the zone temperatures. However, if some temperatures are unknown, then an iterative solution technique is required. Results of some sample calculations are presented. These illustrate the importance of directly modelling the spectral behaviour of gas and surface properties. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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