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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 109 (1996), S. 42-44 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Toxicology ; Drowning ; Sulfides ; Human tissue ; Distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract An adult male was found dead beneath a pool of sewage in the pump room of a fish market. Autopsy revealed the cause of death to be suffocation after aspirating sewage into the respiratory tract. Since hydrogen sulfide gas was detected in the atmosphere at the scene of the accident, gas poisoning was suspected and toxicological analysis of sulfides in body tissues was performed. The concentrations of sulfides in the blood, lung and kidney were 0.95 μmol/ml, 0.22 and 0.38 μmol/g, respectively. These values were remarkably higher than those in previously reported cases involving exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas. Therefore, oral intake of sulfides was assumed and the distribution of sulfides in tissues following oral administration of sodium sulfide solution was examined by means of animal experiments using rats. The concentration of sulfides in the blood from rats following oral intake was much higher than that seen following gas exposure. Based on these results, we concluded that the victim had been exposed to hydrogen sulfide gas and had then collapse into a pool of sewage containing sulfides. The sulfides which were distributed throughout the body tissues had mainly issued from the alimentary tract prior to death by drowning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Cotinine ; Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ; Human Tissue ; Distribution ; Smokers' level ; Nikotin ; Cotinin ; Gaschromatographie/Massenspektrometrie ; Menschliches Gewebe ; Verteilung ; Tabakraucher
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur gleichzeitigen Bestimmung von Nikotin und Cotinin in verschiedenen Körpergeweben wurde eine zuverlässige und sensitive Methode mittels der Kapillar-Gas-Chromatographie/Massenspektrometrie entwickelt. Nikotin und Cotinin wurden durch einen 3-stufigen Extraktionsvorgang mit Chinolin als internem Standard isoliert und die Quantifizierung mittels der single ion monitoring-Technik durchgeführt, wobei für Nikotin das Ion m/z 133, für Cotinin m/z 176 und für Chinolin m/z 129 verwendet wurde. Die Detektionsgrenze lag in allen Geweben für Nikotin bei 5 ng/g und für Cotinin bei 10 ng/g, die Kalibrierung erbrachte lineare Verhältnisse im Bereich von 5–1.200 ng/g für Nikotin und im Bereich von 10–1.500 ng/g für Cotinin. Die Genauigkeit und Präzision der Methode wurde an verschiedenen Körpergeweben ausreichend bewiesen. Die Verteilung der beiden Verbindungen in verschiedenen Geweben wurde in 10 Fällen bestimmt. Die festgestellten Nikotinspiegel lagen hierbei bei Konzentrationen, die bei üblichen Tabakrauchern gemessen werden. Hohe Nikotinspiegel wurden in Leber, Niere, Milz und Lunge, niedrige Konzentrationen im Fettgewebe festgestellt. Die Cotinin-Konzentration lag in der Leber am höchsten. Das Gewebe-Blut-Verteilungsverhältnis für Nikotin und Cotinin war im Skelettmuskelgewebe am konstantesten, wobei die Konzentrationen hier jeweils nahe an den Konzentrationen im Blut lagen. Der Skelettmuskel ist somit das geeignetste Gewebe für toxikologische Untersuchungen, wenn die Asservierung von Blut nicht möglich ist.
    Notes: Summary A reliable and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine concentrations in various human tissues was developed using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Nicotine and cotinine were extracted using a 3-step solvent extraction procedure and quinoline as an internal standard. Quantification was carried out by single ion monitoring using ions of m/z 133 for nicotine, m/z 176 for cotinine and m/z 129 for quinoline. The lower limit of detection was 5 ng/g for nicotine and 10 ng/g for cotinine, in each tissue sample. The calibration curves of various tissues were linear in the concentration range from 5–1,200 ng/g for nicotine and 10–1,500 ng/g for cotinine. The accuracy and precision of this method were examined using human tissues and the results were satisfactory. The distribution of nicotine and cotinine was measured in tissues from 10 human autopsies. Nicotine was detected in every tissue examined at a level seen in habitual smokers. The nicotine concentration was high in the liver, kidney, spleen and lung, and low in adipose tissue. The cotinine level was highest in the liver. The tissue/blood concentration ratios of nicotine and cotinine were most stable in skeletal muscle, where the level of these drugs was close to that in whole blood. Skeletal muscle is, therefore, considered to be the most suitable tissue sample for toxicological examination, when acquisition of blood samples is not feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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