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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible implications from results of animal studies in human risk estimations for benzene: nonlinear dose-response relationship due to saturation of metabolism (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 113 (1987), S. 349-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Benzene ; Risk estimation ; Carcinogenicity ; Genotoxicity ; Metabolism saturation ; Dose-response relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To date, all risk assessment studies on benzene have been based almost exclusively on epidemiological data. We have attempted a more integrated and quantitative evaluation of carcinogenic risk for humans, trying to utilize, in addition to the epidemiological data, all data available, specifically data on metabolism, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity in small rodents. An integrated evaluation of the globality of the available data seems to suggest a progressive saturation of metabolic capacity both for man and rodents between 10 and 100 ppm. The most susceptible target cells seem to be different in humans (predominant induction of myelogenous leukemia) and small rodents (induction of a wide variety of tumors). Nevertheless, both epidemiological and experimental carcinogenicity data tend to indicate a flattening of the response for the highest dosages, again suggesting a general saturation of mechanisms of metabolic activation, extended to different target tissues. From a quantitative point of view, the data suggest a carcinogenic potency at 10 ppm two to three times higher than that computable by a linear extrapolation from data in the 100 ppm range. These observations are in accord with the recent proposal of the European Economic Community of reducing benzene time-weighted average occupational levels from 10 to 5 ppm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397718
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative evaluation of DNA binding data for risk estimation and for classification of direct and indirect carcinogens (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 112 (1986), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Chemical carcinogenesis ; Mechanism of action ; Quantitative risk assessment ; Genotoxicity ; Dose-response relationship ; Aflatoxin B1 ; Formaldehyde ; Vinyl chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Investigation of covalent DNA binding in vivo provided evidence for whether a test substance can be activated to metabolites able to reach and react with DNA in an intact organism. For a comparison of DNA binding potencies of various compounds tested under different conditions, a normalization of the DNA lesion with respect to the dose is useful. A covalent binding index, CBI=(μmol chemical bound per mol DNA nucleotide)/(mmol chemical administered per kg body weight) can be determined for each compound. Whether covalent DNA binding results in tumor formation is dependent upon additional factors specific to the cell type. Thus far, all compounds which bind covalently to liver DNA in vivo have also proven to be carcinogenic in a long-term study, although the liver was not necessarily the target organ for tumor growth. With appropriate techniques, DNA binding can be determined in a dose range which may be many orders of magnitude below the dose levels required for significant tumor induction in a long-term bioassay. Rat liver DNA binding was proportional to the dose of aflatoxin B1 after oral administration of a dose between 100 μg/kg and 1 ng/kg. The lowest dose was in the range of general human daily exposures. Demonstration of a lack of liver DNA binding (CBI〈0.1) in vivo for a carcinogenic, nonmutagenic compound is a strong indication for an indirect mechanism of carcinogenic action. Carcinogens of this class do not directly produce a change in gene structure or function but disturb a critical biochemical control mechanism, such as protection from oxygen radicals, control of cell division, etc. Ultimately, genetic changes are produced indirectly or accumulate from endogenous genotoxic agents. The question of why compounds which act via indirect mechanisms are more likely to exhibit a nonlinear range in the dose-response curve as opposed to the directly genotoxic agents or processes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404387
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Reaktion von Aziridiniumsalzen mit N-Cyanverbindungen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 223-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quartäre Aziridiniumsalze reagieren in einer 1,3-polaren Cycloaddition mit Cyanguanidinen, Cyanamid, Cyanamidinen, Cyanthioharnstoffen und β-Enaminonitrilen zu in 2-Stellung substituierten Imidazoliniumsalzen 6, 11, 13, 17 und 19. Guanidino- und Amidino-substituierte Imidazoliniumsalze bilden stabile Kupferkomplexe. Eine Zuordnung möglicher Strukturen gelingt mit Hilfe der IR-Spektroskopie.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160208
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vergleichende Untersuchungen an CellulosetriacetatfolienVorgetragen in der Fachgruppe Chemie der Kunststoffe auf der 51. Hauptversammlung des VDCh in Bayreuth am 10, Juni 1938 (1938)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 51 (1938), S. 681-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19380513903
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über einige Eigenschaften von acetonlöslicher Acetylcellulose (1929)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 42 (1929), S. 438-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19290421803
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über neue Methoden zur Herstellung und Verarbeitung von Triacetylcellulose (1937)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 50 (1937), S. 127-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19370500603
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Existenzfähigkeit von Kupfermanganat(V) (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 327 (1964), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The thermal decompositions of copper and barium manganate(VII) have been investigated in order to obtain manganates(V).
    Notes: Mit dem Ziel, Manganate(V) zu erhalten, wurde die thermische Zersetzung von Kupfermanganat(VII) und Bariummanganat(VII) untersucht.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19643270503
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Untersuchungen im System Kupfer/Mangan/Sauerstoff (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 327 (1964), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The products of the thermal decompositions of mixed carbonates, oxalates, and nitrates of copper and manganese have been investigated chemically and by x-ray techniques.Similarly, the products of interactions between Cu2O, CuO or Cu and MnO, Mn2O3 or MnO2 are studied.The double oxide CuMnO2 has been prepared in the pure state.
    Notes: Die thermischen Zersetzungsprodukte gemeinsam gefällter Carbonate und Oxalate sowie gemeinsam eingedampfter Nitrate des Kupfers und Mangans wurden chemisch und röntgenographisch untersucht. Gemische aus Kupfer(I)-bzw. Kupfer(II)-oxid sowie Kupfer einerseits und Mangan(II)-, Mangan(III)- und Mangan(IV)-oxid andererseits wurden im Sauerstoff- und Stickstoffstrom sowie im Hochvakuum umgesetzt und ihre Reaktionsprodukte chemisch und röntgenographisch untersucht. Das Doppeloxid CuMnO2 wurde erstmalig rein dargestellt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19643270502
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