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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of the tooth pulp-driven neurons in a functional column of the cat's somatosensory cortex (SI) (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 74 (1989), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Tooth pulp ; Electrical stimulation ; Somatosensory cortex ; Columnar arrangement ; Nociception
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The columnar arrangement of tooth pulp-driven (TPD) neurons in the first somatosensory cortex (SI) was studied by single unit analysis in the cat anesthetized with nitrous oxide and halo thane. Tactile sensitive neurons in the oral area of SI were arranged functionally in a columnar organization. About 32% of the recorded neurons also responded to tooth pulp stimulation. Thus, the TPD neurons located in area 3b seem to be multireceptive in sensory modality. About 80% of the TPD neurons were F-type which respond with a short latency to tooth pulp stimulation and receive input from a small number of teeth. When a microelectrode penetrated through a single vertical column, most of the F-type TPD neurons encountered received common input from one or two tooth pulps. However, when an electrode was inserted across more than one column, there was no common pulpal input to the TPD neurons encountered in a track. Thus, the TPD neurons in a single column had identical peripheral and pulpal receptive fields, and the same latency of responses to tooth pulp stimulation. These characteristics would support the hypothesis that TPD (presumed nociceptive) neurons are arranged in a vertical column and it may be inferred that the columnar organization of TPD neurons in SI plays an important role in the sensory-discriminative aspects of pulpal pain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248859
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amlodipine lowers blood pressure without increasing sympathetic activity or activating the renin-angiotensin system in patients with essential hypertension (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 53 (1997), S. 197-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Amlodipine ; Hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Recent clinical studies suggest that the reflex increase in sympathetic nervous activity accompanying a reduction in blood pressure may contribute to the untoward effects of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. The aim of this study was to examine whether plasma noradrenaline levels and renin activity are increased with the reduction of blood pressure during the initial phase of administration of the long-acting dihyropyridine calcium antagonist amlodipine. Methods: The effects of amlodipine on ambulatory blood pressure and on diurnal variations in plasma noradrenaline and renin activity were examined 1, 4, and 7 days after the start of amlodipine administration in eight inpatients with essential hypertension. Results: The 24-h mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure on day 7 was significantly lower than it was 1 day before the start of treatment. There was no change in the mean heart rate. The mean trough to peak ratios of systolic and diastolic blood pressure of seven patients were 61% and 71%, respectively. Diurnal patterns of plasma noradrenaline levels and renin activity 1, 4, and 7 days after the start of amlodipine administration were unchanged. Conclusion: The antihypertensive effects of amlodipine were of slow onset and long duration and were not accompanied by an increase in sympathetic activity or activation of the renin-angiotensin system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050362
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid obtained from neonatal chick eyes and its variation under light and dark adaptation (1985)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 61 (1985), S. 79-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: adaptation ; aqueous humor ; electroretinogram ; intraocular fluids ; osmolarity ; vitreous humor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In experiments by Yoneyama et al. (1985) a hypertonic perfusing solution was used to record the c-wave from the isolated chick retina. We investigated whether the chick retina was surrounded by such hypertonic liquids. The following results were found: (1) the osmolarity of the subchoroidal humor was markedly higher than that of fluids from other areas of the eye; (2) the relative difference in osmolarity between both sides of the retina was 110–170 mOsmol in the light-adapted condition, whereas it was about 270 mOsmol in the dark-adapted condition; and (3) in the dark-adapted state the volume of the subchoroidal humor decreased about 40% but increased in osmolarity about 30–40%, whereas osmolarity of the subviteous humor decreased about 15–20 mOsmol. Results suggest the presence of an inward-directed pump mechanism for watersoluble components in the retina in addition to the proposed outward-directed pump mechanism of the pigment epithelium. The inward-directed pump may be more active in the dark-adapted state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143219
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gamma-aminobutyric acid- and picrotoxin-induced changes in c-wave and light peak of retinal potentials in the chick (1987)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 65 (1987), S. 333-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: c-wave ; electroretinogram ; GABA ; light peak ; picrotoxin ; retinal standing potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Retinal potentials were recorded from the eyes of anesthetized and immobilized chicks by a standard direct current method. The amplitude of the electroretinogram (ERG) c-wave was measured 2 and 5 sec after the onset of the light stimulus, as indexes of the fast-rise c-wave (cF-wave) and the slow-rise c-wave (cs-wave), respectively. An intravitreal injection of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at an estimated intravitreal concentration of 10−9-10−7M resulted in an increase of the amplitude of the cs-wave, a less remarkable change in the a- and cF-waves, and a slight decrease in the b-wave. The light peak of the retinal standing potential increased in amplitude following GABA administration (10−7-10−4M). Following an intravitreal injection of picrotoxin (10−5-10−3M), the polarity of the cs-wave changed from positive to negative and a significant decrease and deformation in the light peak was observed. The amplitude of the a-wave, however, increased in the range of the higher dose, while that of the b- and cf-waves decreased markedly but no polarity reversal of the cF-wave was found. The results may suggest that the GABA-ergic synapse plays a significant role in production of the cs-wave and the light peak, along with that of the pigment epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00149939
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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