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  • Embryo and endosperm effects  (1)
  • N4 methylase  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Two-rowed barley ; Embryo and endosperm effects ; Kolbach index ; Alpha-amylase ; Wort-N ; GE interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A genetic model is proposed for the analysis of embryo and endosperm effects as well as GE interaction effects. An investigation of three malting quality traits in grains of seven parents and their F2s was undertaken in a half-diallel cross of barley (Hordeum distichum L.) over 2 years. The results indicated that the malt Kolbach index (KI), alpha-amylase activity (αAA) and wort soluble nitrogen (Wort-N) are controlled by both embryo genetic effects and endosperm genetic effects. Variance of the endosperm additive effects was obviously larger than that of the embryo additive effects. In the contribution of the embryo genetic effects to variation in malt αAA and Wort-N, the dominance effects were considerably larger than the additive effects. The endosperm dominance effects constituted a major part of the total genetic effect on the KI. Significant endosperm GE interactions were also detected in the malt traits concerned. Endosperm general heritability (h 2 e ) tended to be larger than interaction heritability (h 2 oE or h 2 eE ) for all the traits. Endosperm heterosis was observed to be significantly positive for αAA but negative for Wort-N in the F2 seed generation. Prediction of main gene effects for seven parents showed that ‘Ganmu 2’ and ‘Supi1’ were suitable parental varieties for malt αAA and Wort-N improvement. Our genetic model for malting quality traits and its application in breeding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Restriction enzyme ; Methylase selection ; Endo-blue method ; N4 methylase ; Inverse PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract AvaI andBsoBI restriction endonucleases are isoschizomers which recognize the symmetric sequence 5′CYCGRG3′ and cleave between the first C and second Y to generate a four-base 5′ extension. TheAvaI restriction endonuclease gene (avaIR) and methylase gene (avaIM) were cloned intoEscherichia coli by the methylase selection method. TheBsoBI restriction endonuclease gene (bsoBIR) and part of theBsoBI methylase gene (bsoBIM) were cloned by the “endo-blue” method (SOS induction assay), and the remainder ofbsoBIM was cloned by inverse PCR. The nucleotide sequences of the two restriction-modification (RM) systems were determined. Comparisons of the predicted amino acid sequences indicated thatAvaI andBsoBI endonucleases share 55% identity, whereas the two methylases share 41% identity. Although the two systems show similarity in protein sequence, their gene organization differs. TheavaIM gene precedesavaIR in theAvaI RM system, while thebsoBIR gene is located upstream ofbsoBIM in theBsoBI RM system. BothAvaI andBsoBI methylases contain motifs conserved among the N4 cytosine methylases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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