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Application of NIRA techniques for the determination of polymer end and functional groups (1988)

Roy, R. B. ; Kradjel, C.

Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 1733-1742

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ISSN: 0887-624X

Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Near infrared reflectance analysis (NIRA) provides a quick and reliable method for the measurement of end and functional groups in polymers and polymeric products. Feasible applications of Technicon InfraAlyzer for the simultaneous determination of OH and COOH numbers from polyester resins, and percent nitrogen estimation in crosslinkable acrylamido derivatives of partially esterified cellulosic materials were studied. The analytical results obtained show that NIRA techniques provide accurate and precise measurement of functional and end groups from the polymer samples used for this study. In addition, the statistical data showed that the number of samples used in learning sets were adequate for the generation of reliable calibration equations.

Additional Material: 4 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1988.080260705

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A feedback controller for ventilatory therapy (1985)

Chapman, F. W. ; Newell, J. C. ; Roy, R. J.

Springer

Annals of biomedical engineering 13 (1985), S. 359-372

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ISSN: 1573-9686

Keywords: End-tidal CO2 ; Minute ventilation ; Alveolar deadspace ; Dogs ; Closedloop control

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine , Technology

Notes: Abstract A computerized system that uses feedback of end-tidal CO2 fraction (FET CO 2) to adjust minute volume of a ventilator has been developed and tested. The effectiveness and robustness of the controller were evaluated in five anesthetized dogs. The controlled responded to step-changes in the set-point for FET CO 2 by adjusting minute volume so that the FET CO 2 settled to the new set-point in less than 60 sec with less than 20% overshoot. The system exhibited suitable dynamic response to step-changes in set-point with loop gains as large as two times and as small as one-half the optimal value. The breath-to-breath variation in FET CO 2 values during prolonged periods of closed-loop controlled ventilation was smaller than the variation during periods of constant minute volume ventilation in three of five experiments. The controller generally maintained FET CO 2 within ±0.1 vol% of the set-point. A disturbance to the controlled system was produced by releasing an occlusion of a branch of the pulmonary artery. The controller always responded to this disturbance in a stable manner, returning the FET CO 2 to its desired value within 30 sec. Accurate control of arterial partial pressure of CO2(PaCO 2) will require modifications enabling the system to determine the relationship between FET CO 2 and PaCO 2.