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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (12)
  • Engineering  (10)
  • Neutrophil  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 896-899 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Neutrophil ; Inflammation ; Immunodeficiency ; Granuloma ; Chronic granulomatous disease ; Infection ; Antibiotics ; Interferon ; Therapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease which results from absence of the NADPH oxidase in the professional phagocytic cells [13] neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and eosinophils. Deficiency of this oxidase renders the patient liable to infection by bacteria and fungi, and, as the name of the disease suggests, to chronic granulomatous inflammation. These patients present with a great variety of infections and other complications of their disease, which often tax the clinical and therapeutic skill of the doctors responsible for their care. Collectively we look after, or advise on the management of, over 100 of these subjects, and have developed experience in the diagnosis and management of the infections and other clinical problems they present. We thought that it might be timely to provide guidelines for their management based upon this experience. The numbers of patients are still relatively small, and the clinical presentations very varied, so it is immpossible to provide clear statistical proof of the veracity of this advice. It does, however, reflect the working practise of the physicians caring for many of these patients in Europe.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 184 (1995), S. 86-103 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Neutrophil ; Leukocyte ; NADPH ; Oxidase ; Microbicidal ; pH
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Phagocytic cells of the immune system contain an oxidase that is important for the killing and digestion of engulfed microbes. This is an electron transport chain that transfers electrons from NADPH in the cytosol to oxygen to form superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the phagocytic vacuole. Absence or abnormality of this oxidase results in the syndrome of CGD, characterised by a profound predisposition to infection. The electron transport chain consists of a flavocytochrome b located in the plasma membrane and membrane of the specific granules. It is composed of a and b-subunits, with apparent molecular masses of 23 kDa and 76–92 kDa, respectively. The b-subunit is a member of the FNR family of reductases with FAD and NADPH binding sites. Based upon the crystal structure of FNR we have constructed a model of the more hydrophilic C terminal half of this b-subunit, which acts as a guide to the organisation of the molecule, and provides a template on which to map mutations in CGD. The location of the heme is uncertain. Electron transport is dependent upon an activation complex of cytosolic proteins including p40 phox , p47 phox , and p67 phox , and the small GTP binding protein, p21 rac . This oxidase system is important for the killing and digestion of bacteria and fungi. This might be accomplished in a number of ways. The oxidase produces superoxide and hydrogen which might be toxic themselves. The hydrogen peroxide can act as substrate for myeloperoxidase which can oxidise chloride and iodide to chlorine and iodine and their hypohalous acids. The proteins contained within the cytoplasmic granules are also very important in the killing process. These are neutral proteinases that require a neutral or slightly alkaline pH for optimal activity. The oxidase transports electrons, unaccompanied by protons, across the wall of the phagocytic vacuole, resulting in an elevation of the vacuolar pH, thereby optimising conditions for killing and digestion of engulfed organisms by these neutral proteinases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 155-168 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: In this paper a class of nonlinear evolution problems is considered. It is shown that, under special conditions, the application of the product approximation method for nonlinear problems in the finite element method results in constant (i.e. time-independent) matrices. In those cases the amount of computing required to solve these equations with an explicit time-stepping algorithm is decreased considerably compared to the standard Galerkin formulation in which the matrices are time-dependent. The method is applied to two practical two-dimensional problems: the shallow water equations and a nonlinear heat conduction problem.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1807-1829 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The accuracies of the computed temperatures of a liquid in a corner region under freezing conditions are compared for various fixed-grid finite element techniques using the analytical solution for this problem as a reference.In the finite element formulation of the problem different time-stepping schemes are compared: the implicit Euler-backward algorithm combined with an iterative scheme and two three-time-level methods - the Lees algorithm and a Dupont algorithm, which are both applied as non-iterative schemes.Furthermore, different methods for handling the evolution of latent heat are examined: an approximation method suggested by Lemmon and one suggested by Del Giudice, both using the enthalpy formulation as well as a fictitious heat-flow method presented by Rolph and Bathe.Results of calculations performed with the consistent heat-capacity matrix are compared with those performed with a lumped heat-capacity matrix.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 5 (1985), S. 269-280 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Navier-Stokes Equations ; Finite Element Method ; Solenoidal Approach ; Penalty Function Approach ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: In this paper the integrated solution approach, the penalty function approach and the solenoidal approach for the finite element solution of the stationary Navier-Stokes equations are compared. It is shown that both the penalty function approach and the solenoidal approach compare favourably to the integrated solution method. For fine meshes the solenoidal approach appears to be the cheapest method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 351-363 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Navier-Stokes equations ; Finite element method ; Viscous flow ; Free boundary flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: In this paper a total linearization method is derived for solving steady viscous free boundary flow problems (including capillary effects) by the finite element method. It is shown that the influence of the geometrical unknown in the totally linearized weak formulation can be expressed in terms of boundary integrals. This means that the implementation of the method is simple. Numerical experiments show that the iterative method gives accurate results and converges very fast.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 6 (1986), S. 427-443 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Navier-Stokes ; Equations ; Time Integration ; Penalty Function Approach ; Oscillating Flow ; Vortex Shedding ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: In this paper a penalty finite element solution method for the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations for two-dimensional incompressible flow is described. The performances of the Euler implicit (EI) and the Crank-Nicolson (CN) time integration methods are analysed. Special attention is payed to the undamped pressure oscillations which can occur when the Crank-Nicolson integration rule is used in combination with the penalty function method. Stability and convergence properties are illustrated by means of the computation of fully developed oscillating flow between two flat plates. Furthermore, the von Karman vortex street past a circular cylinder is computed to demonstrate the behaviour of the time integration schemes for a more complicated flow. It is concluded that the EI method has its advantages over the CN method with respect to the damping of numerical oscillations. However, for flows with an important convective contribution, where physically originated oscillations may be present, the CN method is preferable.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 15 (1992), S. 411-426 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Navier-Stokes equations ; Incompressible ; Boundary-fitted co-ordinates ; Boundary conditions ; Invariant discretization ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: The discretization of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation on boundary-fitted curvilinear grids is considered. The discretization is based on a staggered grid arrangement and the Navier-;Stokes equations in tensor formulation including Christoffel symbols. It is shown that discretization accuracy is much enhanced by choosing the velocity variables in a special way. The time-dependent equations are solved by a pressure-correction method in combination with a GMRES method. Special attention is paid to the discretization of several types of boundary conditions. It is shown that fairly non-smooth grids may be used using our approach.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 275-287 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Curved pipe flow ; Entrance flow ; Finite element method ; Penalty function method ; Experimental validation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: A standard Galerkin finite element penalty function method is used to approximate the solution of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for steady incompressible Newtonian entrance flow in a 90° curved tube (curvature ratio δ = 1/6) for a triple of Dean numbers (κ = 41, 122 and 204). The computational results for the intermediate Dean number (κ = 122) are compared with the results of laser-Doppler velocity measurements in an equivalent experimental model. For both the axial and secondary velocity components, fair agreement between the computational and experimental results is found.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 621-640 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): finite volume ; curvilinear co-ordinates ; staggered grid ; turbulent recirculating flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: A brief review of the computation of incompressible turbulent flow in complex geometries is given. A 2D finite volume method for the calculation of turbulent flow in general curvilinear co-ordinates is described. This method is based on a staggered grid arrangement and the contravariant flux componets are chosen as primitive variables. Turbulence is modelled either by the standard k-ε model or by a k-ε model based on RNG theory. Convection is approximated with central differences for the mean flow quantities and a TVD-type MUSCL scheme for the turbulence equations. The sensitivity of the method to the grid properties is investigated. An application of this method to a complex turbulent flow is presented. The results of computations are compared with experimental data and other numerical solutions and are found to be satisfactory.
    Zusätzliches Material: 23 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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