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  • Engineering General  (4)
  • Harned cells  (2)
  • NaHSO4  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Activity coefficient ; electromotive force ; Pitzer ; HCl ; Na2SO4 ; NaHSO4
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The electromotive force of HCl–Na2SO4 solutions has been determined from 5 to 50°C and ionic strengths from 0.5 to 6m with a Harned type cell $${\text{Pt; H}}_{\text{2}} ({\text{g, 1 atm}})|{\text{HCl(}}m_1 {\text{) + Na}}_{\text{2}} {\text{SO}}_{\text{4}} {\text{(}}m_2 {\text{)}}|{\text{AgCl, Ag}}$$ The results have been used to determine the activity coefficient of HCl in the mixtures. The activity coefficients have been analyzed with the Pitzer equations to account for the ionic interactions. The measurements were used to determine interaction coefficients (β0, β1) for NaHSO4 solutions from 5 to 50°C. The model represents the mean activity coefficients of HCl in the mixtures to ±0.005 over the entire temperature and concentration range of the measurements. The results have been combined with literature data to provide parameters that are valid from 0 to 250°C for NaHSO4 solutions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Borates ; thermodynamics ; electrolytes ; Harned cells
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Potentials for the cell without liquid juction $$H_2 ,Pt|B(OH)_3 (m_1 ),NaB(OH)_4 (m_2 ),MCl_2 (m_3 )|AgCl,Ag$$ with M=Ca2+ or Mg2+ are reported over a range of ionic strength at 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55°C. Parameters of Pitzer's ion interaction treatment are determined for Ca(B(OH)4)2 and Mg(B(OH)4)2 by fitting to the cell results. Apparent association of alkaline earth borates to form the monovalent species CaB(OH) 4 + and MgB(OH) 4 + makes it necessary to use the extended β(2) form of the ion interaction treatment to represent the potentials reported here. Trace activity coefficients of calcium and magnesium borates are tabulated at various temperatures and ionic strengths. The association constants for ion pair formation implied by the values of β(2) for these salts are compared with ion pair formation constants available in the literature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Activity coefficient ; electromitive force ; Pitzer, HCl ; Na2SO4 ; NaHSO4
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The electromotive force of HCl−Na2SO4 solutions has been determined from 5 to 50°C and ionic strengths from 0.5 to 6m with a Harned type cell $$Pt; H_2 (g, 1 atm)|HCl(m_1 ) + Na_2 SO_4 (m_2 )|AgCl, Ag$$ The results have been used to determine the activity coefficient of HCl in the mixtures. The activity coefficiencts have been analyzed with the Pitzer equations to account for the ionic interactions. The measurements were used to determine interaction coefficients (β0, β1) for NaHSO4 solutions from 5 to 50°C. The model represents the mean activity coefficients HCl in the mixtures to ±0.005 over the entire temperature and concentration range of the measurements. The results have been combined with literature data to provide parameters that are valid from 0 to 250°C for NaHSO4 solutions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Borates ; aqueous ; thermodynamics ; electrolytes ; Harned cells
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Potentials for the cell without liquid junction $$H_2 ,Pt\backslash B(OH)_3 (m_1 ), MB(OH)_4 (m_2 ), MCl(m_3 )\backslash AgClAg$$ where M is sodium or potassium are reported over a range of ionic strength to I=3 mol-kg−1 at 5 to 55°C. Total boron concentration in the solutions was restricted to low levels to minimize formation of polynuclear boron species. Cell potentials are treated with the Pitzer ion interaction treatment for mixed electrolytes, with linear ionic strength dependence assumed for the activity coefficient of undissociated boric acid. Trace activity coefficients of sodium and potassium borates in chloride media are calculated at various temperatures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1083-1089 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An unsymmetric block Lanczos algorithm has been employed for the dynamic analysis of a large system which has arbitrary damping and/or repeated (or closely spaced) eigenvalues. In the algorithm development, the right and left Lanczos vectors are all theoretically biorthogonal to each other. However, these vectors may lose the biorthogonality owing to cancellation and roundoff errors. For the unsymmetric case there can be a breakdown, even without numerical errors. This paper describes computational techniques which have led to a robust unsymmetric block Lanczos algorithm.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 6 (1973), S. 323-332 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A method, called the Lehmann-Maehly method, for determining upper and lower bounds for eigenvalues, which was introduced by Bazley and Fox4 in 1964, is applied to the determination of bounds to the frequencies of elastic systems. In reviewing the fundamental theory involved, the present paper emphasizes the physical significance of the adjoint operators T and T* employed. An error in the paper by Bazley and Fox is noted and it is pointed out that with the corrected theory it is possible to use the Lehmann-Maehly method as a procedure for computing converging sequences of upper and lower bounds merely by varying a constant, the shifting constant. Thus, sequences of bounds are shown to be easily obtainable without prior knowledge of rough bounds, and the procedure for obtaining the bounds is not significantly more difficult to apply than the familiar Rayleigh-Ritz method for upper bounds. Since displacements and stresses are independently varied, the displacement functions used in the approximation procedure are only required to satisfy prescribed displacement boundary conditions while the stress functions only need satisfy the natural (stress) boundary conditions. Operators are derived for a non- uniform beam based on Timoshenko beam theory. Tables of bounds computed by the Lehmann-Maehly method and also the Rayleigh-Ritz method are given as an illustrative example.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1841-1848 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: In this paper, the effects of selecting initial vectors on computation efficiency for a subspace iteration method are investigated. Four algorithms are used for selecting the initial vectors. First, arbitrary starting iteration vectors are chosen according to Bathe and Wilson's algorithm.1 In the other algorithms, the initial vectors are the retrieved eigenvectors from the Guyan and quadratic reduction methods. Improvement of the eigenvalue approximations of the subspace iteration method over reduction methods is presented. The computation effort is examined for the various algorithms used for initial iteration vectors.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 26 (1988), S. 2305-2318 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper describes the way in which an unsymmetric block Lanczos algorithm can be employed for approximate eigensolutions or dynamic response solutions for large systems having arbitrary damping and/or repeated (or closely spaced) eigenvalues. To reduce a square, unsymmetric matrix which may have repeated eigenvalues to block-tridiagonal form, an unsymmetric block Lanczos algorithm is developed. Right and left Lanczos vectors, generated by the reduction process, are employed to define the reduced-order model based on a discrete analytical model of general linear, time-invariant dynamic systems. A special type of starting vector is also introduced, which automatically includes the static displacement. This reduced-order model is employed to compute approximate eigenvalues/vectors and dynamic responses of the original system. To verify the proposed algorithm, examples of an 8-DOF beam-rotor system are provided for eigensolutions and dynamic responses due to step and random external forces. These examples showed promising results, indicating that the proposed algorithm is worthy of further study.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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