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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Tetrahydro-β-carboline ; Human urine ; Tryptophan pathway ; Ethanol ; Eosinopilia-myalgia syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA) is now thought to be a possible causative substance of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with ingestion ofl-tryptophan. In the present study a factor affecting endogenous formation of MTCA in 32 healthy men is studied. Urinary excretions of MTCA and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (TCCA) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorometric detection after administration of a high or low protein diet as well as peroral tryptophan (0.5 g) or ethanol (0.4 g/kg). Blood ethanol and acetaldehyde levels were determined by gas chromatography after ethanol consumption. Both, the high protein diet and tryptophan resulted in a significant rise of urinary TCCA. In contrast, ethanol intake caused increased excretion of MTCA, though a relationship between blood acetaldehyde level and urinary excretion of MTCA was not shown. We showed for the first time that an elevation of urinary excretion of MTCA following ethanol consumption in man without ingestion ofl-tryptophan tablets implicated eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 1139-1156 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Um die Grundzüge der Wachstumsreaktion bei der kationischen Polymerisation aufzuklären, wird eine Übersicht der Untersuchungen über die Wirkung einer β-Methylgruppe auf die Reaktivität von Vinyläthern und Styrolen gegeben. Obwohl die Elektronendichte an einem β-Kohlenstoff durch eine β-Methylsubstitution erniedrigt wird, erhöht sich die Reaktivität von Vinyläthern durch die β-Methylgruppe. Es wird daher angenommen, daß im Übergangszustand der Wachstumsreaktion von Vinyläthern eine wachsende Kette mit den π-Elektronen des α-Kohlenstoffs und des Äthersauerstoffs und zusätzlich noch mit dem β-Kohlenstoff in Wechselwirkung tritt. Es ist berichtet worden, daß im unpolaren Lösungsmittel cis-Propenyläther mehrfach so reaktiv sind wie trans-Propenyläther. In einem polaren Lösungsmittel weisen jedoch cis- und trans-Propenyläther fast die gleiche Reaktivität auf, und bei Isopropyl- und tert-Butylpropenyläther, die eine große Alkoxylgruppe besitzen, zeigt sich, daß das trans-Isomere reaktiver ist als das cis-Isomere. Diese Erscheinungen lassen sich mit dem Modell des Übergangszustands, wie oben vorgeschlagen, erklären.
    Notes: To elucidate the feature of the propagation reaction in cationic polymerization, the studies on the effect of a β-methyl group on the reactivity of vinyl ethers and styrenes are summarized. Although the electron density on a β-carbon is decreased by β-methyl substitution, the β-methyl group increases the reactivity of vinyl ethers. Therefore, in the transition state of the propagation reaction of vinyl ethers, it is estimated that a propagating chain interacts with π-electrons of the α-carbon and ethereal oxygen in addition to the β-carbon. Cis-propenyl ethers have been reported to be several times as reactive as trans-propenyl ethers in a non-polar solvent. However, in a polar solvent, cis- and trans-propenyl ethers show nearly the same reactivity, and with isopropyl and tert-butyl propenyl ethers having a bulky alkoxyl group, the trans-isomer is found to be more reactive than the cis-isomer. These phenomena are interpreted by the transition state model proposed above.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 3603-3603 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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