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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of epididymal interstitial reactions following vasectomy and vasovasostomy (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 235 (1993), S. 61-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Vasectomy ; Vasovasostomy ; Epididymis ; Granulomatous inflammation ; Rat ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The response of the male reproductive tract to vasectomy includes inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the epididymis. The pathogenesis of epididymal interstitial reactions and characteristics of the responding cells were studied by electron microscopy in Lewis rats at intervals following bilateral vasectomy, vasectomy followed 1 month later by vasovasostomy, or sham operations. In areas of interstitial reaction, numerous macrophages, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and plasma cells occupied the connective tissue. Macrophages, containing many lysosomes and vesicles, aggregated and assumed the appearance of epithelioid cells. Processes of adjacent macrophages interdigitated with one another and closely approached the surfaces of lymphocytes. Many plasma cells with distended rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared in the interstitium. The majority of animals in the vasectomy and vasovasostomy groups exhibited epididymal interstitial changes by 2-3 months; the cauda epididymidis was the region most often affected. The ultrastructural features were indicative of chronic granulomatous inflammation and were consistent with an immune response that includes antigen presentation by macrophages to lymphocytes, lymphocyte differentiation, and local antibody production by plasma cells. The nearly complete absence of sperm or recoghizable parts thereof in the interstitial tissue in the areas of the reactions suggests that these lesions formed in response to soluble antigens leaking from the duct. Vasovasostomy was not effective in reversing or retarding epididymal inflammation at the intervals studied. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092350107
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of vasectomy on the epididymis (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 30 (1995), S. 82-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Vasectomy ; Epididymis ; Vas deferens ; Hydrostatic pressure ; Antisperm antibodies ; Spermatic granulomas ; Inflammation ; Lysosmes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Common principles can be discerned in the response of the epididymis to vasectomy, despite species differences. Increases in the size and number of lysosomes are the most frequent changes in the epididymal epithelium. The presence or absence of additional alterations such as changes in the height of the epithelium may be related to variations in distensibility of the vas deferens and epididymis. Direct measurements by micropuncture of epididymal and seminiferous tubule hydrostatic pressure indicate that, contrary to dogma, increased pressure in the distal epididymis after vasectomy is not generally transmitted to the seminiferous tubules. The epididymal interstitium shows microscopic changes indicative of chronic inflammation, with infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells, and rats with these lesions have higher antisperm antibody levels than animals lacking epididymal changes. Macrophages and neutrophils may enter the duct through the epididymal epithelium, at sites of rupture of the duct, and in the efferent ductules. Cyst-like spermatic granulomas occur in virtually all species where the epididymis or vas deferens ruptures with escape of spermatozoa. The sites and timing of granuloma formation may depend on the mechanical properties of the tract in different species, and they are probably important in the immune response to vasectomy. Postvasectomy sera in Lewis rats recognize a consensus repertoire of dominant autoantigens that closely resembles the antigens bound by sera from rats immunized with isologous spermatozoa. There are multiple routes for disposal of the sperm that continue to be produced after vasectomy. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070300107
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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