Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Cyanelles ; Cyanophora paradoxa ; Endosymbiosis ; Evolution ; Glaucocystophyta ; Glaucophyta ; Phylogeny ; Plastid ; 16S ribosomal RNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Glaucocystophyte algae (sensu Kies, Berl. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 92, 1979) contain plastids (cyanelles) that retain the peptidoglycan wall of the putative cyanobacterial endosymbiont; this and other ultrastructural characters (e.g., unstacked thylakoids, phycobilisomes) have suggested that cyanelles are “primitive” plastids that may represent undeveloped associations between heterotrophic “host” cells (i.e., glaucocystophytes) and cyanobacteria. To test the monophyly of glaucocystophyte cyanelles and to determine their evolutionary relationship to other plastids, complete 16S ribosomal RNA sequences were determined for Cyanophora paradoxa, Glaucocystis nostochinearum, Glaucosphaera vacuolata, and Gloeochaete wittrockiana. Plastid rRNAs were analyzed with the maximum-likelihood, maximumparsimony, and neighbor joining methods. The phylogenetic analyses show that the cyanelles of C. paradoxa, G. nostochinearum, and G. wittrockiana form a distinct evolutionary lineage; these cyanelles presumably share a monophyletic origin. The rDNA sequence of G. vacuolata was positioned within the nongreen plastid lineage. This result is consistent with analyses of nuclear-encoded rRNAs that identify G. vacuolata as a rhodophyte and support its removal from the Glaucocystophyta. Results of a global search with the maximumlikelihood method suggest that cyanelles are the first divergence among all plastids; this result is consistent with a single loss of the peptidoglycan wall in plastids after the divergence of the cyanelles. User-defined tree analyses with the maximum-likelihood method indicate, however, that the position of the cyanelles is not stable within the rRNA phylogenies. Both maximumparsimony and neighbor-joining analyses showed a close evolutionary relationship between cyanelles and nongreen plastids; these phylogenetic methods were sensitive to inclusion/exclusion of the G. wittrockiana cyanelle sequence. Base compositional bias within the G. wittrockiana 16S rRNA may explain this result. Taken together the phylogenetic analyses are interpreted as supporting a near-simultaneous radiation of cyanelles and green and nongreen plastids; these organelles are all rooted within the cyanobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Evolution ; Eubacteria ; Thermophile ; Anaerobe ; Thermotoga maritima
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A novel type of bacterium has been isolated from various geothermally heated locales on the sea floor. The organisms are strictly anaerobic, rod-shaped, fermentative, extremely thermophilic and grow between 55 and 90°C with an optimum of around 80°C. Cells show a unique sheath-like structure and monotrichous flagellation. By 16S rRNA sequencing they clearly belong to the eubacteria, although no close relationship to any known group could be detected. The majority of their lipids appear to be unique in structure among the eubacteria. Isolate MSB8 is described as Thermotoga maritima, representing the new genus Thermotoga.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Eubacterium ; Thermophile ; Evolution ; Fervidobacterium ; Lipids ; Thermotoga
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An extremely thermophilic anaerobic fermentative eubacterium growing at temperatures between 50 and 80°C (opt.: 65°C) was isolated from an Icelandic hot spring. The cells were Gram-negative motile rods, about 1.8 μm in length, and 0.6 μm in width occurring singly and in pairs. About 50% of the cells formed large spheroids at one end similar to Fervidobacterium nodosum. The new isolate H 21 differed from Fervidobacterium nodosum by a 6 mol % higher GC-content of its DNA (41 mol %), its ability to grow on cellulose, and insignificant DNA homology. The lipids of isolate H 21 were similar to that of members of “Thermotogales”. 16S rRNA sequencing of isolate H 21 and Fervidobacterium nodosum indicated (a) that isolate H 21 represents a new species of the genus Fervidobacterium which we name Fervidobacterium islandicum and (b) that the genus Fervidobacterium belongs to the “Thermotogales” branch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Zoned magma body ; Chemical variation ash-flow sheets ; Tephra sequence ; Differentiation time constraints ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Rainier Mesa ash-flow is a large (1200 km3), 11.6 My old, chemically zoned unit that ranges in composition from 55 to 76% SiO2 — one of the largest chemical ranges ever observed in a large volume ash-flow sheet. Two chemical trends occur in this sheet, a low silica (55–66% SiO2) and a high silica (〉66% SiO2) trend. Ninety per cent of the Rainier Mesa sheet occurs in the high silica trend. Immediately beneath the Rainier Mesa sheet is a thick tephra sequence. The chemical variation of this sequence is nearly equivalent to the high silica portion of the Rainier Mesa ash-flow sheet (about 66–78% SiO2). Throughout the tephra sequence numerous small ash-flow layers occur, and each ash-flow layer is chemically zoned from more evolved at the base to less evolved at the top. This is consistent with having been erupted from a zoned magma body. The lowest silica tephra units are at the base of the sequence and the highest silica units are at the top — that is, the large-scale chemical trend of the entire sequence is opposite to that of the individual ash-flow layers. These ash-flow layers are of very small volume. The tephra sequence provides a unique record of the incremental development of the zoned, high silica portion of the Rainier Mesa magma body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key wordsZoned magma body ; Chemical variation ; ash-flow sheets ; Tephra sequence ; Differentiation ; time constraints ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Rainier Mesa ash-flow is a large (1200 km3), 11.6 My old, chemically zoned unit that ranges in composition from 55 to 76% SiO2– one of the largest chemical ranges ever observed in a large volume ash-flow sheet. Two chemical trends occur in this sheet, a low silica (55–66% SiO2) and a high silica (〉66% SiO2) trend. Ninety per cent of the Rainier Mesa sheet occurs in the high silica trend. Immediately beneath the Rainier Mesa sheet is a thick tephra sequence. The chemical variation of this sequence is nearly equivalent to the high silica portion of the Rainier Mesa ash-flow sheet (about 66–78% SiO2). Throughout the tephra sequence numerous small ash-flow layers occur, and each ash-flow layer is chemically zoned from more evolved at the base to less evolved at the top. This is consistent with having been erupted from a zoned magma body. The lowest silica tephra units are at the base of the sequence and the highest silica units are at the top – that is, the large-scale chemical trend of the entire sequence is opposite to that of the individual ash-flow layers. These ash-flow layers are of very small volume. The tephra sequence provides a unique record of the incremental development of the zoned, high silica portion of the Rainier Mesa magma body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A combined theoretical and experimental study of the binding and interaction of valproic acid (VPA) with the bacterial cytochrome P450cam enzyme and the determination of regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation product distribution was performed. From the experiments, C4—;OH VPA was found to be the predominant hydroxylation product with a small amount of C5—OH VPA formed. The experimental stereoselectivity of hydroxylation was 2R4S 〉 ∼ 2S4R 〉 2R4R 〉 ∼ 2S4S and 2S5 〉 ∼ 2R5. The overall goals of the theoretical study were twofold: (1) to characterize as completely as possible, using energy optimization and molecular dynamics simulations, the interactions of flexible ligands with their target proteins, and (2) to determine the extent to which these results could be used to develop criteria to predict or explain the experimentally observed regio- and stereoselectivity of hydroxylation of the flexible ligands. Among the useful insights into the behavior of flexible ligands upon binding to their traget proteins obtained are (1) a large change in conformation occurs for many conformers of VPA upon binding to P450cam, (2) low- energy conformers of VPA do not necessarily lead to optimum interactions with the target protein, and (3) the most favorable mode of interaction of this flexible ligand with the protein binding site has been identified and found to be a result of strong electrostatic interactions between VPA and both Tyr96 and Asp297. For the study of the hydroxylated VPA products, the challenging aspect of this problem was to determine criteria for weighing the contribution of each of the possible protein-ligand complexes. To this end, various possibilities were examined and compared with the experimental results. No single complex was found to reproduce the observed experimental regio- and stereoselectivity. This result indicates that more than one bioactive form of VPA contributes to its oxidation. Results most consistent with experiment are obtained by using the interaction energy of the protein-ligand complex as a criterion for including its contribution to product formation. Although there are remaining disparities between predicted and observed product distributions, the combined theoretical and experimental effort has led to insights into the modes of interaction of this flexible ligand that lead to its observed product specificity. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Les réactions de la 2-chloropurine et d'autre bases, catalysées par la xanthine oxidase, ont été étudiées avec des méthodes différentes basées sur l'idée des orbitales molécularies, telles que HMO, ω-SCF—HMO, et PPP. Ces études not démontré l'importance des indices de réactivité électronique pour comprendre les réactions d'enzymes. De plus il paraît possible de prédire la spécificité de l'enzyme d'une analyse systématique de la différence entre les sites de réactions prédits et observés dans des substrats avec des substituants 2- et 8-oxy.Les concepts de densité d'obritale de frontière, de superdélocalisabilité et d'énergie de localisation se sont avérés tres utiles. Les Méthodes différentes ont donné en général dees résultats consistants.
    Abstract: Ein genauses Studium der durch Xanthine-Oxidas katalysierten Reaktionen von 2-Chloropurin und anderen Basen mittels verschiedenen MO-Methoden, wie HMO, ω-SCF—HMO, PPP, zeigt dass die Enzymreaktionen in der Sprache von elektronischen Reaktivitätsindizes beschrieben werden können. Es scheint möglich das Enzymspezifizität von einer systematischen Analysis der Verschiedenheit zwischen theoretisch berechnbeten und observierten Reaktionslagen in Substraten Mit 2- und 8-oxy Substituenten vorherzusagen.De Regriffe der Grenzorbitaldichte, des Superdelokalisabilitäts und der Lokalisierungsenergie sind sich sehyr nützlich rewiesen. Verschiedence MO-Methoden gaben im allgemeinen übereinstimmende Resultate.
    Notes: A detailed study to the xanthine oxidase-catalyzed reactions of 2-chloropurine and other substrate bases with various molecular-orbital techniques such as HMO, ω-SCF—HMO, and ppp semiempirical SCF—LCAO—MO has shown that the enzyme reactions can be understood in terms of electronic reactivity indices. Furthermore, it appeared possible to suggest the enzyme specificity from a systematic analysis of discrepancy between mo theoretically predicted and observed reaction sites in substrates with 2- and 8-oxy substituents. In other words, the discrepancy does not necessarily indicate the failure of the MO melthodes for such substrates, but it is possible to utilize the result in correlating with binding specificity of the ES complex. This has been done specifically for 2-chloropurine.Among several electronic reacxtivity indices, frontier orbital density, superdelocalizability, and localization energy have been proved to be very useful. Diferent MO methods gave, in general, consistent results.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 11 (1990), S. 346-350 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Atomic partial charges for three model systems that mimic the metal-ligand moiety of the active site in the enzyme Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) have been calculated at the ab initio level. The model systems include copper and zinc complexes with imidazole, formate and ammonia ligands. The partial charges thus obtained have been incorporated into force fields for molecular simulations. Simulations carried out with these force fields justify the need for specialized charge assignments for the metals and their ligands.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Density functional theory is tested on a large ensemble of model compounds containing a wide variety of functional groups to understand better its ability to reproduce experimental molecular geometries, relative conformational energies, and dipole moments. We find that gradient-corrected density functional methods with triple-ζ plus polarization basis sets reproduce geometries well. Most bonds tend to be approximately 0.015 Å longer than the experimental results. Bond angles are very well reproduced and most often fall within a degree of experiment. Torsions are, on average, within 4 degrees of the experimental values. For relative conformational energies, comparisons with Hartree-Fock calculations and correlated conventional ab initio methods indicate that gradient-corrected density functionals easily surpass the Hartree-Fock approximation and give results which are nearly as accurate as MP2 calculations. For the 35 comparisons of conformational energies for which experimental data was available, the root mean square (rms) deviation for gradient-corrected functionals was approximately 0.5 kcal mol-1. Without gradient corrections, the rms deviation is 0.8 kcal mol-1, which is even less accurate than the Hartree-Fock calculations. Calculations with extended basis sets and with gradient corrections incorporated into the self-consistent procedure generate dipole moments with an rms deviation of 5%. Dipole moments from local density functional calculations, with more modest basis sets, can be scaled down to achieve roughly the same accuracy. In this study, all density functional geometries were generated by local density functional self-consistent calculations with gradient corrections added in a perturbative fashion. Such an approach generates results that are almost identical to the self-consistent gradient-corrected calculations, which require significantly more computer time. Timings on scalar and vector architectures indicate that, for moderately sized systems, our density functional implementation requires only slightly less computer resources than established Hartree-Fock programs. However, our density functional calculations scale much better and are significantly faster than their MP2 counterparts, whose results they approach. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 11 (1990), S. 743-753 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Two approaches to the simulation of internal rotation potential energies in substituted ethanes are formulated for general applications. Called the vicinal Fourier coefficient and vicinal pair energy methods, they differ only in form. The latter procedure has the advantage of yielding energy terms that represent pairwise interactions between vicinal substitutents. As numerical examples, the potential energies of ethane and five of its simple methyl and chloro derivatives are employed to simulate the corresponding energies of two higher derivatives of the series. The initial energy data were calculated by the molecular mechanics method (MM2) with geometry optimizations and the ab initio MO procedure (STO-3G) with standard geometries. Results indicate that simulated energies are reasonably accurate for the flexible-rotor model (MM2) and extremely accurate for the rigid-rotor model (STO-3G). Deviations appear to be systematic and may be rationalized on the basis of molecular structure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...