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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Displacement of frequently occurring heacy metals in autumn leaves of beech (Fagus sylvatica) (1987)
    Springer
    Trees 1 (1987), S. 164-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Deciduous trees ; Fagus sylvatica ; Autumn leaves ; Iron ; Lead ; Manganese ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary By utilizing energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis the heavy metals manganese, iron, zinc and lead were determined in different tissues of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) autumn leaves. It was observed that all four metals were accumulated in sieve element-companion cell complexes of the leaf veins in the period from the green (2 October) to the brown (23 October) leaf coloration. Concomitantly, the concentration of these metals decreased in certain tissues of the stems subtending the leaves. The major reservoirs of heavy metals in the stems were periderm, cortex, pith and xylem rays. Since sieve element-companion cell complexes of the stems showed increasing metal concentrations during the transition from the green to the brown leaf stage, and since this temporary increase also occurred in the petiole phloem, it is inferred that symplastic transport can be used in addition to apoplastic transport for the displacement of heavy metals. It is assumed that the accumulation of heavy metals in the veins of autumn leaves indicates the deposition of surplus ions which are excluded when leaves are cast off.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193559
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical pressure inhibits vessel development of xylogenic cambial derivatives of beech (Fagus sylvatica L .) (1997)
    Springer
    Trees 11 (1997), S. 349-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words Constant external pressure ; Fagus sylvatica ; Fiber tracheid differentiation ; Two-dimensional PAGE ; Vessel element differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Segments of standing beech stems (Fagus sylvatica) were put under mechanical pressure from the end of May, in order to investigate the influence of constant external pressure on the development of secondary vascular tissue. After 4 weeks, the new xylem increment was investigated anatomically in cross-sections. The first axial xylem derivatives of the new year’s increment had differentiated into normal vessel elements and fiber-tracheids. Application of the pressure girdle had no effect on fiber-tracheid development, but it inhibited vessel formation. Under pressure, changes in the two dimensional PAGE protein pattern were characterized by the appearance of two new protein species as well as by the absence of one species that occurs under regular growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009678
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineral partitioning in the phloem during autumn senescence of beech leaves (1988)
    Springer
    Trees 2 (1988), S. 73-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Autumn leaves ; Fagus sylvatica ; Mineral retrieval ; Phloem transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary During the period of leaf senescence in fall, the minerals Mg, Ca, K, P, Cl, S, and Si were compared for occurrence and density in tissue compartments of leaf blade, petiole, and subtending stem of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Measurements were made by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The plant material was collected on 2,9, 16 and 23 October, and showed green, greenyellow, yellow, and red-brown autumn leaf coloration. Mg, K, and P were retrieved from the leaf blade prior to shedding, and deposited mainly in cortex and pith tissues of the stem. S and Ca remained in the leaf, and Si and Cl appeared to accumulate in the leaf prior to shedding. During the four stages of leaf senescence, the phloem compartments of the petiole showed considerable changes in mineral content. In addition, leaf senescence in several cases was accompanied by ion shifting from symplastic to apoplastic compartments and vice versa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196752
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The induction of sun and shade leaves of the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.): anatomical studies (1989)
    Springer
    Trees 3 (1989), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Differentiation ; Leaf primordia ; Fagus sylvatica ; Sun shade leaves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Primordia from buds of sun and shade twigs of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) were collected six times a year for anatomical investigations. Differentiation into sun-leaf and shade-leaf primordia was first observed in early August. Sun-leaf primordia had five, and shade-leaf primordia four layers of mesophyll meristem cells. With potted graft unions of beeches possible structural changes of leaf primordia were investigated. Trees adapted to shade develop sun-leaf primordia when put into full daylight, provided the transfer happened before July. Trees adapted to full daylight developed leaf primordia which remained structurally sun-leaf primordia when the plant was kept under shade conditions. Shadeleaf branches of young beech trees cut in February in order to expose the shade buds to full daylight developed either shade leaves or intermediate shade/sun leaves. These experiments show that the subtending leaf may provide the developing axillary bud with photoassimilates, but its character, whether sun or shade leaf, has no influence on the character of the developing leaf primordia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202394
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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