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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetric somatic hybridization between tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and irradiated Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) protoplasts (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 509-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Asymmetric somatic hybrids ; forage grasses: fescues and ryegrasses ; Plastome-genome interaction ; Festuca arundinacea ; Lolium multiflorum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Intergeneric asymmetric somatic hybrids have been obtained by the fusion of metabolically inactivated protoplasts from embryogenic suspension cultures ofFestuca arundinacea (recipient) and protoplasts from a non-morphogenic cell suspension ofLolium multiflorum (donor) irradiated with 10, 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 Gy of X-rays. Regenerating calli led to the recovery of genotypically and phenotypically different asymmetric somatic hybridFestulolium plants. The genome composition of the asymmetric somatic hybrid clones was characterized by quantitative dot-blot hybridizations using dispersed repetitive DNA sequences specific to tall fescue and Italian ryegrass. Data from dot-blot hybridizations using two cloned Italian ryegrass-specific sequences as probes showed that irradiation favoured a unidirectional elimination of most or part of the donor chromosomes in asymmetric somatic hybrid clones obtained from fusion experiments using donor protoplasts irradiated at doses ≤ 250 Gy. Irradiation of cells of the donor parent with 500 Gy prior to protoplast fusion produced highly asymmetric nuclear hybrids with over 80% elimination of the donor genome as well as clones showing a complete loss of donor chromosomes. Further information on the degree of asymmetry in regenerated hybrid plants was obtained from chromosomal analysis including in situ hybridizations withL. multiflorum-specific repetitive sequences. A Southern blot hybridization analysis using one chloroplast and six mitochondrial-specific probes revealed preferentially recipient-type organelles in asymmetric somatic hybrid clones obtained from fusion experiments with donor protoplasts irradiated with doses higher than 100 Gy. It is concluded that the irradiation of donor cells before fusion at different doses can be used for producing both nuclear hybrids with limited donor DNA elimination or highly asymmetric nuclear hybrid plants in an intergeneric graminaceous combination. For a wide range of radiation doses tested (25–250Gy), the degree of the species-specific genome elimination from the irradiated partner seems not to be dose dependent. A bias towards recipient-type organelles was apparent when extensive donor nuclear genome elimination occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240911
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intergeneric symmetric and asymmetric somatic hybridization in Festuca and Lolium (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 235-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: intergeneric somatic hybrids ; forage grasses ; fescue ; Festuca arundinacea ; F. rubra ; ryegrasses ; Lolium multiflorum ; L. perenne ; Alopecurus pratensis ; species-specific repetitive DNA sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Intergeneric symmetric and asymmetric somatic hybrids have been obtained by fusion of metabolically inactivated protoplasts from embryogenic suspension cultures of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and unirradiated or 10–500 Gy-irradiated protoplasts from non-morphogenic cell suspensions of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Genotypically and phenotypically different somatic hybrid Festulolium mature flowering plants were regenerated. Species-specific sequences from F. arundinacea and L. multiflorum being dispersed and evenly-represented in the corresponding genomes were isolated and used for the molecular characterization of the nuclear make-up of the intergeneric, somatic Festulolium plants recovered. The irradiation of Italian ryegrass protoplasts with ≤250 Gy X-rays prior to fusogenic treatment favoured the unidirectional elimination of most or part of the donor chromosomes. Irradiation of L. multiflorum protoplasts with 500 Gy produced highly asymmetric (over 80% donor genome elimination) nuclear hybrids and clones showing a complete loss of donor chromosomes. The RFLP analysis of the organellar composition in symmetric and asymmetric tall fescue (+) Italian ryegrass regenerants confirmed their somatic hybrid character and revealed a bias towards recipient-type organelles when extensive donor nuclear genome elimination had occurred. Approaches aimed at improving persistence of ryegrasses based on asymmetric somatic hybridization with largely sexually-incompatible grass species (F. rubra and Alopecurus pratensis), and at transferring the cytoplasmic male sterility trait by intra- and inter-specific hybridization in L. multiflorum and L. perenne, have been undertaken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023952
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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