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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treadmill running induces striatal Fos expression via NMDA glutamate and dopamine receptors (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 115 (1997), S. 458-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Striatum ; Fos ; Locomotion ; Dopamine and glutamate receptors ; Lesion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Several non-physiological stimuli (i.e. pharmacological or electrical stimuli) have been shown to induce Fos expression in striatal neurons. In this work, striatal Fos (i.e. Fos-like) expression was studied after physiological stimulation, i.e. motor activity (treadmill running at 36 m/min for 20 min). In rats killed 2 h after the treadmill session, Fos expression was observed in the medial region of the rostral and central striatum, and in the dorsal region of the caudal striatum. Fos expression was prevented by pretreatment with the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) or the D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH-23390 (0.1 mg/kg), but not by pretreatment with the D2 receptor antagonist eticlopride (0.5 mg/kg). Thirty-six hours after 6-hydroxydopamine lesion, a considerable reduction in treadmill-induced Fos expression was observed in both sides; however, Fos expression in the lesioned striatum was higher than in the contralateral intact striatum. Several weeks after unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the nigrostriatal system, treadmill-induced Fos expression was significantly, but not totally, reduced in the lesioned striatum. Corticostriatal deafferentation also led to considerable reduction in treadmill-induced Fos expression. The present results indicate that exercise induces striatal Fos expression and that, under physiological stimulation, concurrent activation of D1 and NMDA receptors is necessary for such expression to occur. Reduction of Fos expression is practically absolute after acute blockage of these receptors, but not after lesions, possibly due partially to compensatory changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005715
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The corticostriatal system mediates the “paradoxical” contraversive rotation but not the striatal hyperexpression of Fos induced by amphetamine early after 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 120 (1998), S. 153-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Amphetamine ; Fos ; Rotational behavior ; Corticostriatal afferents ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway, amphetamine produces ipsiversive rotational behavior and activation of Fos in the intact striatum, but practically no activation of Fos in the denervated striatum. However, a seemingly paradoxical contraversive rotation, accompanied by intense striatal Fos activation in the lesioned striatum, has been observed during the first few days postlesion. In the present work, behavioral tests and immunohistochemistry for Fos protein and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were combined to study striatal changes 36 h after 6-OHDA lesion and particularly the possible involvement of glutamatergic corticostriatal afferents. Injection of amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg) induced contraversive rotation and strong and evenly distributed Fos expression in the lesioned striatum; in the contralateral striatum, however, Fos density was lower than in nonlesioned rats. Pretreatment with the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist MK-801 (either 0.5 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg) did not significantly affect the hyperexpression of Fos in the lesioned striatum, but suppressed the contraversive rotation. Similarly, rats that were subjected to corticostriatal deafferentation (confirmed by sensory neglect tests) and 6-OHDA lesion (1 week or 3 weeks later) showed no significant reduction in the striatal Fos hyperexpression induced by amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg) and no significant rotational asymmetry. In conclusion, the present results indicate that glutamatergic corticostriatal afferents are essential for the contraversive rotational behavior but not the striatal hyperexpression of Fos observed in response to amphetamine early after 6-OHDA lesion, and suggest that intense dopaminergic stimulation of striatal neurons is sufficient for induction of Fos, but that concurrent glutamatergic stimulation is necessary for the motor response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050389
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time course of striatal changes induced by 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway, as studied by combined evaluation of rotational behaviour and striatal Fos expression (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 108 (1996), S. 69-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Striatum ; Dopamine ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Turning behaviour ; Fos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Changes taking place after unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system have been studied by performing spontaneous, amphetamine-induced and apomorphine-induced rotational behaviour testing and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Fos protein immunohistochemistry in the same rats. Apomorphine at a low dosage (0.25 mg/kg) induced contraversive rotation and supersensitive striatal Fos expression that were detected 24–48 h post-lesion and gradually increased in magnitude. Twenty-four hours after lesion, both high (5 mg/kg) and low doses (0.5 mg/kg) of D-amphetamine induced contraversive rotation and intense striatal Fos activation on the denervated side; however, only the higher dose induced Fos on the normal side. Two, 3 and 4 days after lesion, 0.5 mg/kg amphetamine induced contraversive rotation, but 5 mg/kg induced transitory contraversive rotation which switched to ipsiversive. In the normal striatum, only high doses of amphetamine induced Fos, but Fos induction in the denervated striatum was similar with both doses: areas showing severely decreased TH immunoreactivity still showed considerable Fos immunoreactivity, and some areas still showing TH immunoreactivity had higher Fos density than in the normal side. Seven and 14 days after lesion the loss of TH immunoreactivity and apomorphine-induced supersensitive Fos expression were more evenly distributed, and amphetamine induced only ipsiversive rotation and a low density of Fos-positive nuclei in the denervated striatum. These results indicate that the severe and progressive loss of dopaminergic terminals is counteracted by an early and rapidly progressing dopamine supersensitivity, together with a higher susceptibility to drug-induced dopamine release. This explains the apparently paradoxical contraversive rotation induced by amphetamine during the first week post-lesion. However, experiments involving successive drug injections indicated that only the first amphetamine injection releases dopamine from the lesioned terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00242905
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of surfactants on the intensity of chemiluminescence emission from acridinium ester labelled proteins (1988)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 2 (1988), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemiluminescence ; acridinium ester ; surfactants ; proteins ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to establish optimum conditions for the chemiluminescent (CL) reaction of two acridinium ester labelled proteins (human albumin and rabbit anti-human albumin IgG), we investigated the effects of the following factors known to influence the CL emission: pH, presence of proteins, relative concentrations of components of CL reaction and presence of surfactants. Under optimal conditions of pH and hydrogen peroxide concentration, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) increased the intensity of the CL reaction of the acridinium ester labelled albumin by 42-fold. Triton X-100, Tween-20, 23 lauryl ether (Brij 35) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) exerted a much smaller effect. In the case of the acridinium ester labelled antibody, the greatest increase was obtained with Triton X-100 (15-fold) followed by CTAC, Brij 35 and Tween 20 (SDS decreased the emission intensity).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170020303
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement and inhibition of luminol chemiluminescence by phenolic acids (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 10 (1995), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Luminol ; enhanced chemiluminescence ; phenolic acid ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We explored the behaviour of a series of phenolic acids used as enhancers or inhibitors of luminol chemiluminescence by three different methods to determine if behaviour was associated with phenolic acid structure and redox character. All the phenolic acids inhibited chemiluminescence when hexacyanoferrate(III) was reacted with the phenolic acids before adding luminol. The redox character of these compounds was clearly related to structure. When hexacyanoferrate(III)-luminol-O2 chemiluminescence was initiated by phenolic acid-luminol mixtures some phenolic acids behaved as enhancers of chemiluminescence, and others as inhibitors. We propose a mechanism to explain these findings. We found direct relationships between the redox character of the phenolic acids and the enhancement or inhibition of the chemiluminescence of the luminol-H2O2-peroxidase system and we propose mechanism to explain these phenomena.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170100306
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancer effect of fluorescein on the luminol-H2O2-horseradish peroxidase chemiluminescence: energy transfer process (1997)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 12 (1997), S. 199-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: luminol ; fluorescein ; enhancement chemiluminescence ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chemiluminescence of the luminol-H2O2-horseradish peroxidase system is increased by fluorescein. Fluorescein produces an enhancement of the luminol chemiluminescence similar to that of phenolphthalein, by an energy transfer process from luminol to fluorescein. The maximum intesity and the total chemiluminescence emission (between 380 and 580 nm) of luminol with fluorescein was more than three times greater than without fluorescein; however, the emission duration was shorter. The emission spectra in the presence of fluorescein had two maxima (425 and 535 nm) and the enhancement was dependent on pH and fluorescein concentration. A mechanism is proposed to explain these effects. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenol derivatives as enhancers and inhibitors of luminol-H2O2-horseradish peroxidase chemiluminescence (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 75-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: luminol ; enhanced chemiluminescence ; phenol ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Systematic studies on phenol derivatives facilitates an explanation of the enhancement or inhibition of the luminol-H2O2-horseradish peroxidase system chemiluminescence. Factors that govern the enhancement are the one-electron reduction potentials of the phenoxy radicals (PhO•/PhOH) vs. luminol radicals (L•/LH-) and the reaction rates of the phenol derivatives with the compounds of horseradish peroxidase (HRP-I and HRP-II). Only compounds with radicals with a similar or greater reduction potential than luminol at pH 8.5 (0.8 V) can act as enhancers. Radicals with reduction potentials lower than luminol behave in a different way, because they destroy luminol radicals and inhibit chemiluminescence. The relations between the reduction potential, reaction rates and the Hammett constant of the substituent in a phenol suggest that 4-substituted phenols with Hammett constants (σ) for their substituents similar or greater than 0.20 are enhancers of the luminol-H2O2-horseradish peroxidase chemiluminescence. In contrast, those phenols substituted in position 4 for substituents with Hammett constants (σ) lower than 0.20 are inhibitors of chemiluminescence. On the basis of these studies, the structure of possible new enhancers was predicted. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assay of cholinesterase using a proenhancer of the luminol-H2O2-horseradish peroxidase reaction (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 10 (1995), S. 285-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Cholinesterase ; luminol ; pro-enhancer ; chemiluminescence ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Naphthyl acetate acts as a pro-enhancer of the luminol-H2O2-horseradish peroxidase reaction. Cholinesterase hydrolyses the bound acetyl group and produces 2-naphthol, and this compound is an enhancer of the chemiluminescent reaction. We studied the kinetics of chemiluminescent emission and the influence of 2-naphthyl acetate and cholinesterase enzyme concentration. The cholinesterase concentration versus chemiluminescence intensity maximum was linear for cholinesterase between 0 and 181 μU/mL, with a detection limit of 8 μU/mL and a relative standard deviation of 9.5% (n = 3), for a sample containing 90.67 μU/mL of cholinesterase.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170100505
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) for urinary albumin (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 3 (1989), S. 169-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Diabetes ; albuminuria ; chemiluminescent immunoassay ; acridinium ester ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) for urinary albumin has been developed based on the use of a chemiluminescent acridinium ester-labelled human albumin and a commercially available antiserum. It includes two incubation steps and a second polyethylene glycol-assisted antibody separation. The sensitivity of detection is 0.016 mg/l, the assay working range is 0.1-5 mg/l, and the inter-assay CVs are ≤ 15%. Using 10- and 50-fold sample dilutions in assay buffer, a wide working range (1-250 mg/l) is obtained covering normal and pathological conditions. Timed overnight urine samples (bed rest conditions) were collected on three consecutive days for each patient. Albumin excretion rate (AER) was 4.7 ± 2.7 μg/min (x ± SD), range 1-15.9 μg/min in 36 healthy subjects (17♂, 19♀, ages 4-56 years), with day-to-day variations of 28.5 ± 20% (x ± SD), range 3.3-76.1%. The use of an acridinium ester as a chemiluminescent (CL) label overcomes the disadvantages of short shelf-life and health and safety hazards associated with radioisotopes. Results compare favourably with those obtained using a commercially available RIA kit.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170030403
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of molecules that specifically recognize and cleave apurinic sites in DNA (1994)
    Chicester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Molecular Recognition 7 (1994), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0952-3499
    Keywords: Abasic sites ; Intercalation ; Endonuclease ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have prepared a series of a tailor-made molecules that recognize and cleave DNA at apurinic sites in vitro. These molecules incorporate in their structure different units designed for specific function: an intercalator for DNA binding, an nucleic base for abasic site recognition and a linking chain of variable length and nature (including amino and/or amido functions). The cleavage efficiency of the molecules can be modulated by varying successively the nature of the intercalating agent, the nucleic base and the chain. All molecules bind to native calf thymus DNA with binding constants ranging from 104 to 106 M-1. Their cleavage activity was determined on plasmid DNA (pBR 322) containing 1.8 AP-sites per DNA-molecule. The minimum requirements for cleavage are the presence of the three units, the intercalator, the nucleic base and at least one amino function in the chain. The most efficient molecules cleaved plasmid DNA at nanomolar concentrations. Enzymatic experiments on the termini generated after cleavage of AP-DNA suggest a strand break induced by a β-elimination reaction. In order to get insight into the mode of action (efficiency, selectivity, interaction), we have used synthetic oligonucleotides containing either a true abasic site at a determined position to analyse the cleavage parameters of the synthetic molecules by HPLC or a chemically stable along (tetrahydrofuran) of the abasic site for high field 1H NMR spectrometry and footprinting experiments. All results are consistent with a β-elimination mechanism in which each constituent of the molecule exerts a specific function as indicated in the scheme: DNA targeting, abasic site nucleases and can be used advantageously as substitutes for the natural enzyme for in vitro cleavage of AP-sites containing DNA.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmr.300070207
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