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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas diffusion pathway in nodules ofCasuarina cunninghamiana (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 118 (1989), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: actinorhizal nodules ; Casuarina cunninghamiana ; Frankia ; nitrogen fixation ; oxygen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The gas diffusion pathway in nodules was traced by vacuum infiltration with India ink or aniline blue and by electron microscopy. India ink infiltration was observed in the outermost and the innermost cortex in sliced nodules, but not in intact nodules. With aniline blue infiltration, it was observed that intercellular air spaces in the outermost and the innermost cortex were connected to those in nodule roots. No air spaces were in contact with walls of infected cells, although intercellular air spaces existed in some groups of uninfected cells within the infected zone. Infiltration with either India ink or aniline blue could not be observed in the infected zone in essentially all cases. Thus it is suggested that the discontinuity of the intercellular air spaces represents a major resistance to O2 diffusion in nodules ofCasuarina cunninghamiana.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02232796
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endophyte differentiation inCasuarina actinorhizae (1987)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 136 (1987), S. 104-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Actinomycete ; Casuarina ; Development ; Frankia ; Root ; nodules ; Symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This is an ultrastructural study of development of infected cells in nitrogen fixing root nodules ofCasuarina spp. While several aspects of development are similar to those found in many other actinorhizae, unusual aspects of development of the host cell and differentiation of the endophyte inCasuarina are correlated with unusual changes in the wall of the infected cell. Instead of vesicles the endophyte forms atypical hyphae in mature infected cells. These unusual hyphal forms are termed intracellular hyphae. Intracellular hyphae are nonseptate hyphae which originate and terminate within the same host cell, and have a varying diameter and a multidirectional growth and branching pattern. A laminate surface layer previously undescribed on hyphae ofFrankia is a feature common to mostCasuarina endophytic hyphae and is probably similar chemically to the laminae comprising the multilamellate envelope of endophytic vesicles in other actinorhizae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276359
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellulose and xylans in the interface capsule in symbiotic cells of actinorhizae (1990)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 159 (1990), S. 35-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Actinorhizal capsule ; Cellulose ; Enzyme-gold cytochemistry ; Frankia ; Plant cell wall ; Xylans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Enzyme-gold affinity labeling was used to show that in mature infected cells of actinorhizal symbioses the capsule on the plant host side of the symbiotic interface contained cellulose and xylans. Host species examined for cellulose wereAlnus rubra, Casuarina equisetifolia, C. glauca, Ceanothus cuneata, C. velutinus, Elaeagnus pungens, andMyrica cerifera.. Cellulose was in the capsule throughout the infected cell, implying that during development cellulose synthase was present in the host cell membrane component of the symbiotic interface. Any possible degradation of capsule cellulose by the microsymbiont was either incomplete or transient, because the polymer was present in mature infected cells. Cellulose labeling inCeanothus andElaeagnus was less consistent than in the other species. Dual labeled capsules inCasuarina glauca andAlnus rubra showed a similar distribution of xylans and cellulose. Cytochemical studies indicate that the capsule contains three major classes of cell wall polysaccharides: cellulose, hemicellulose (xylans), and pectins (shown previously). This suggests that the capsule is essentially a thin, internal, tubular plant cell wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01326633
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symbiotic vesicle ultrastructure in high pressure-frozen, freeze-substituted actinorhizae (1994)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 183 (1994), S. 37-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Actinomycete ; Frankia ; Procaryote cell wall ; Symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using tissue stained en bloc with chromic acid or tissue prepared by high pressure-freezing and freeze-substitution, it was possible to analyze quantitatively the ultrastructure of symbiotic vesicle envelopes (SVE) inAlnus serrulata, Ceanothus americanus, Elaeagnus umbellata, andMyrica cerifera. The lamina measured about 4.7 nm in thickness in thin section. Despite diverse symbiotic vesicle morphology, the SVE thickness was similar in all of these symbioses: 36–71 nm, which corresponded to 6–15 laminae based on counts of chromic acid-stained SVEs. This similarity in structure suggests that a similar environmental signal regulates envelope thickness in the different root nodules. Based on previous studies, this is likely to be pO2. Three types of envelope morphologies were distinguished: (1) theAlnus-type (as inAlnus andElaeagnus), which had localized thickenings around the vesicle and had thickest dimensions over the stalk; (2) theCeanothus-type. characterized as a relatively uniform envelope over both vesicle and attached hypha, and (3) theMyrica-type, which had no stalk region and a basal SVE thickness of about six laminae throughout except where localized thickening occurred. Localized thickening of the SVE resulted from extra numbers of laminae being deposited, generally over regions where septa contacted the edge of the vesicle. Freeze-substituted symbiotic vesicles had a variety of novel structures that are poorly preserved in chemically-fixed tissue. A paracrystalline body inAlnus symbiotic vesicles may be composed of particles that also exist free in the symbiotic vesicle cytoplasm. In addition, a previously unknown complex at the base of theAlnus-type symbiotic vesicle and within its stalk was evident in freeze-substituted tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276811
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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