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  • GEV distribution  (1)
  • Key words: Apoptosis — 4-Aminopyridine — High K+ concentration — Gene expression — Membrane potential  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protection from Cell Death by mcl-1 Is Mediated by Membrane Hyperpolarization Induced By K+ Channel Activation (1999)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 172 (1999), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: Apoptosis — 4-Aminopyridine — High K+ concentration — Gene expression — Membrane potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Mcl-1, a member of the Bcl-2 family, has been identified as an inhibitor of apoptosis induced by anticancer agents and radiation in myeloblastic leukemia cells. The molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon, however, is not yet understood. In the present study, we report that hyperpolarization of the membrane potential is required for prevention of mcl-1 mediated cell death in murine myeloblastic FDC-P1 cells. In cells transfected with mcl-1, the membrane potential, measured by the whole-cell patch clamp, was hyperpolarized more than −30 mV compared with control cells. The membrane potential was repolarized by increased extracellular K+ concentration (56 mV per 10-fold change in K+ concentration). Using the cell-attached patch-clamp technique, K+ channel activity was 1.7 times higher in mcl-1 transfected cells (NP o = 22.7 ± 3.3%) than control cells (NP o = 13.2 ± 1.9%). Viabilities of control and mcl-1 transfected cells after treatment with the cytotoxin etoposide (20 μg/ml), were 37.9 ± 3.9% and 78.2 ± 2.0%, respectively. Suppression of K+ channel activity by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) before etoposide treatment significantly reduced the viability of mcl-1 transfected cells to 49.0 ± 4.6%. These results indicate that as part of the prevention of cell death, mcl-1 causes a hyperpolarization of membrane potential through activation of K+ channel activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002329900589
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Appraisal of regional and index flood quantile estimators (1995)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 9 (1995), S. 49-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Flood frequency analysis ; index flood estimators ; L-moments ; GEV distribution ; regionalization ; probability weighted moments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Our results illustrate the performance of at-site and regional GEV/PWM flood quantile estimators in regions with different coefficients of variation, degrees of regional heterogeneity, record lengths, and number of sites. Analytic approximations of bias and variance are employed. For realistic GEV distributions and short records, the index-flood quantile estimator performs better than a 2-parameter GEV/PWM quantile estimator with a regional shape parameter, or a 3-parameter at-site GEV/PWM quantile estimator, in both humid and especially in arid regions, as long as the degree of regional heterogeneity is moderate. As regional heterogeneity or record lengths increases, 2-parameter estimators quickly dominate. Flood frequency models that assign probabilities larger than 2% to negative flows are unrealistic; experiments employing such distributions provide questionable results. This appraisal generally demonstrates the value of regionalizing estimators of the shape of a flood distribution, and sometimes the coefficient of variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581758
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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