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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (11)
  • allelochemical  (5)
  • General Chemistry  (4)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 197-207 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sorgoleone ; mitochondria ; inhibitor ; allelochemical ; allelopathy ; root exudate ; Sorghum bicolor ; electron transport
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The aim of this investigation was to determine if sorgoleone (SGL), a hydrophobic compound inSorghum bicolor (L.) Moench root exudate, interferes with mitochondrial functions. Tests were conducted on mitochondria isolated from etiolated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings. The data show SGL is a potent inhibitor of state 3 and state 4 respiration rates in both soybean and corn. Using either NADH, succinate, or malate as substrate, the I50 was about 0.5μM SGL for state 3 and 5.0μM for state 4 based on 0.3–0.5 mg mitochondrial protein. Absorption spectra indicate SGL blocks electron transport at theb-c 1 complex. These data show that disruption of mitochondrial function may be a mechanism of SGL-mediated growth inhibition previously reported and demonstrate a probable role of SGL inSorghum allelopathy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 65-72 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Bioassay ; Lemna minor ; allelochemical ; allelopathy ; duckweed
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Investigations in allelopathy often require the use of a bioassay for evaluating limited quantities of potentially active growth regulators. A bioassay procedure was developed usingL. minor grown in 1.5-ml aliquots of nutrient medium with and without allelochemicals in wells of 24-well tissue culture cluster dishes with loose-fitting lids. Tests using six replications per treatment with several flavonoid compounds and derivatives of coumarin, benzoic acid, and cinnamic acid demonstrated that the bioassay was capable of measuring inhibition at levels of compound ranging from 50 to 1000 μmol. Strongly inhibitory treatments were visible after 1 or 2 days. After 7 days of growth, frond number, growth rate, and dry weight were used to evaluate effects. The bioassay system is relatively simple, very sensitive, reproducible, and can be used for testing small amounts and dilute concentrations of unknowns which have been separated by chromatography.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sorgoleone ; phytotoxin ; allelochemical ; allelopathy ; root exudate ; Sorghum bicolor ; Sorghums ; weed inhibition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Root exudates ofSorghum bicolor consist primarily of a dihydroquinone that is quickly oxidized to ap-benzoquinone named sorgoleone. The aim of this investigation was to determine the potential activity of sorgoleone as an inhibitor of weed growth. Bioassays showed 125μM sorgoleone reduced radicle elongation ofEragrostis tef. In liquid culture, 50-μM sorgoleone treatments stunted the growth ofLemna minor. Over a 10-day treatment period, 10μM sorgoleone in the nutrient medium reduced the growth of all weed seedlings tested:Abutilon theophrasti, Datura stramonium, Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria viridis, Digitaria sanguinalis, andEchinochloa crusgalli. These data show sorgoleone has biological activity at extremely low concentrations, suggesting a strong contribution toSorghum allelopathy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 559-568 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Juglone ; allelopathy ; allelochemical ; photosynthesis ; chioroplast ; mitochondria ; Lemna minor ; Glycine max
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The impacts of juglone on plant growth and several other physiological functions were evaluated in this study. Juglone inhibitedLemna minor growth, chlorophyll content, and net photosynthesis at treatments between 10 and 40μM. Soybean leaf disks vacuum infiltrated with as little as 10μM juglone had reduced photosynthesis. Oxygen evolution by chloroplasts isolated fromPisum sativum was inhibited by juglone with an I50 of 2μM. Micromolar treatments of juglone stimulated oxygen uptake in mitochondria isolated fromGlycine max. These data suggest perturbations of chloroplast and mitochondrial functions may contribute to plant growth reductions observed in juglone-mediated allelopathy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 369-375 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Sorgoleone ; allelochemical ; allelopathy ; photosynthesis ; chloroplast ; root exudate ; Sorghum bicolor
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The aim of this investigation was to determine if sorgoleone (SGL), ap-benzoquinone inSorghum bicolor root exudate, is a photosynthesis inhibitor. Assays usingGlycine max leaf disks showed concentrations as low as 10μM SGL inhibited oxygen evolution more than 50%. Tests conducted on chloroplasts isolated fromPisum sativum showed that SGL is a powerful inhibitor of CO2-dependent oxygen evolution. Using a chloroplast suspension equivalent to 80–100μg chlorophyll, the I50 was approximately 0.2μM SGL. These data indicate inhibition of photosynthesis is part of the explanation for growth reduction caused by this allelochemical.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 426-427 
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 851-865 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Untreated and fire-retardant-treated white α-cellulose samples were isothermally pyrolyzed in a fluidized bath in a nitrogen environment at 298-360°C. Results were reported in terms of volatilization (based on weight loss-time measurements) and the degradation products (based on gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis). The findings products (based on gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis). The findings on untreated cellulose indicate that: (1) pyrolysis occurs in three distinct phases in the temperature range 276-360°C; (2) there is a single activation energy of 42 kcal/mole over this temperature range; (3) the initial rapid weight loss is not due to the desoprtion of water, but primarily to decomposition of the cellulose; molecules: (4) there is little difference in either the quality or relative quantity of the volatiles generated during the three different phases of pyrolysis. The findings on treated cellulose show that the fire retardant, KHCO3, does not markedly change the types of degradation products having molecular weights below about 110, althought it does change their relative concentrations. Furthermore, the rate of product generation and the quantity of residual char are increased.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Schlagwort(e): Imaging agents ; Lanthanides ; NMR spectroscopy ; DNA cleavage ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The hydration state of a series of [Ln(DO2A)(H2O)n]+ complexes in aqueous solution at pH = 6.4-7.0 was studied by measuring the lanthanide-induced 17O shifts (LIS) of water [Ln includes elements from Ce to Yb; DO2A = 1,7-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane]. Their contact contribution, obtained from Reilley plots, indicated a decrease in the inner-sphere water coordination number of the [Ln(DO2A)(H2O)n]+ complexes from n = 3 (Ce-Eu), to n = 2 (Tb-Yb). A temperature-dependent UV/Vis absorption study of the 578-582 nm 7F0 → 5D0 transition band of [Eu(DO2A)(H2O)n]+ in aqueous solution showed that this complex is present in an equilibrium between eight- and nine-coordinate species with n = 2 and n = 3, respectively. The hydration equilibrium parameters (2 ↔ 3), K2-3298 = 4.0 ± 0.2, ΔH2-30 = -12.1 ± 1 kJ mol-1 and ΔS2-30 = -28.9 ± 3 J mol-1 K-1,correspond to an average hydration number of 2.65-2.85 in the temperature range 273-363 K. A variable temperature, multiple field 17O NMR study combined with direct EPR measurements of the transverse electronic relaxation rates has been used to obtain the parameters characterizing water exchange, rotation and electronic relaxation, all influencing the proton relaxivity of [Gd(DO2A)(H2O)2-3]+. The small increase in the water exchange rate of [Gd(DO2A)(H2O)2-3]+ (kex298 = (10 ± 5) × 106s-1) relative to that of[Gd(DOTA)(H2O)]- (4.8 × 106 s-1) is a consequence of an unfavorable interplay of charge and hydration equilibria. The value of τR298 = 40 ± 1 ps is short, and the electronic relaxation rate (1/T2e ≍ 1.2 × 1010 s-1) is fast relative to [Gd(DOTA)(H2O)]- (1.3-2.4 × 109 s-1 for B = 0.34 T). These parameters negate to some extent the expected increase in proton relaxivity of the [Gd(DO2A)(H2O)2-3]+ complex.Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under -//_/_http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2005/2000/99338_s.pdf or from the author.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 835-851 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A typical gas chromatogram of the volatile pyrolysis products of untreated α-cellulose contains 39 peaks; however, mass spectral data indicate that at least 59 compounds, with molecular weights less than about 150, are present. A total of 37 compounds have been identified, 13 of which have not been previously reported. Most of the newly identified compounds contain a benzene ring, indicating that these compounds may be products of reactions between initial volatiles. A comparison of the products generated in the temperature range of 330°-440°C indicates that the formation of pyrolysis products is essential independent of temperature. Comparisons of the chromatograms obtained for untreated levoglucosan and cellulose indicate that most of the decomposition of cellulose probably forms levoglucosan which then decomposes to yield the observed pyrolysis products. In addition, the products of flame retardant-treated levoglucosan are essentially the same as those of cellulose with the same retardant treatment. This suggests that the retardants act on the levoglucosan formed in the decomposition of the cellulose rather than on the cellulose directly.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 1 (1975), S. 227-234 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: IR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen von Polyäthylen-Proben, dargestellt durch Reduktion von Polyvinylchlorid mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid, ließen darauf schließen, daß Polyvinylchlorid Seitenketten enthält, die seine Morphologie und Festkörpereigenschaften wesentlich beeinflussen. Die Natur dieser Seitenketten war bisher unbekannt. Es wird anhand von 13C-NMR Spektren gezeigt, daß die Verzweigungen in reduziertem Polyvinylchlorid aus Methylgruppen bestehen, die vermutlich aus Chlormethylgruppen des ursprünglichen Polymeren entstanden sind. Die untersuchte Probe enthielt ca. 3 CH3-Gruppen pro 1000 CH2-Gruppen, jedoch is dieses Verhältnis vermutlich von der Polymerisationstemperatur abhängig. Zusätzlich wurden Anzeichen für längere Seitenketten gefunden, die allerdings nur in einem Ausmaß von weniger als 1 pro 1000 CH2-Gruppen vorhanden sein dürften.
    Notizen: The presence of branches in poly(vinyl chloride) as indicated by previous IR measurements on the polymer reduced to polyethylene by means of lithium aluminum hydride is believed to affect materially the morphology and solid state properties of poly(vinyl chloride); however, up to the present, the nature of these branches has not been known. By use of 13C-NMR on reduced poly(vinyl chloride) it is demonstrated that the brances are methyl groups, presumably corresponding to chloromethyl groups in the original polymer. In the sample studied, the frequency is ca. 3 methyl groups per 1000 CH2 groups, but this is expected to depend on the temperature of polymerization. There is also some evidence for long branches, probably not exceeding 1 per 1000 CH2 groups.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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