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  • 1
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Surfactants ; H aggregates ; Ion pairs ; Copper(II) binding ; Copper ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -A novel, single-chained ammonium amphiphile that carries an o-hydroxyazobenzene unit at the terminus of its hydrophobic chain has been synthesized. This compound forms ordered thread-like aggregates upon dispersion in water. These aggregates exhibit a phase transition at 56 °C. The o-hydroxyazobenzene unit binds several transition-metal ions in a 2:1 stoichiometry. Binding of these metal ions results in a lowering of the critical aggregation concentration. From the changes in the UV absorption spectrum it is concluded that the Cu2+ complex forms more tightly packed aggregates in water than the Zn2+ and Ni2+ complexes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: UV spectroscopy ; Poly(maleic acid-co-alkyl vinyl ether)s ; Azobenzene ; (Cyanobiphenylyl)oxy ; Cooperative binding ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -The interaction of poly(maleic acid-co-alkyl vinyl ether)s and poly(sulfonylethyl maleic acid monoamide-co-alkyl vinyl ether)s with and without (cyanobiphenylyl)oxy chromophores with N-[ω-(substituted azobenzoxy)alkyl]-N,N-dimethyl-N-hydroxyethylammonium bromide surfactants has been studied by UV spectroscopy. The azobenzene unit is functionalized at the 4′-position with a cyano or fluoro substituent and is connected to the surfactant headgroup via a decyl or dodecyl spacer. Upon addition of surfactants to poly(maleic acid-co-butyl vinyl ether) the absorption maxima (λmax) of the azobenzene chromophores immediately show their maximum blue shift. This indicates cooperative binding of surfactant to this polymer, and the formation of micelle-like aggregates surrounded by polyelectrolyte is assumed. Upon addition of the surfactants to the other polyelectrolytes λmax values of the azobenzoxy chromophores gradually shift to lower values indicating a lower cooperativity of surfactant binding. This is attributed to the formation of microdomains by the polyelectrolytes themselves. For these systems the formation of mixed micelles is assumed. The compactness of the microdomains of the maleic acid copolymers is influenced by the pH and binding with surfactants is also influenced by pH. The sulfonylethyl maleic acid monoamide copolymers show no pH dependence in binding above neutral pH. For these polyelectrolytes the cooperativity also becomes less with a longer spacer between backbone and chromophore. Upon elongation of the surfactant spacer or changing the end group from a cyano to the more hydrophobic fluoro substituent a lower λmaxis observed for the chromophores upon initial binding to the polyelectrolytes indicating more cooperative binding. When surfactants and polyelectrolytes are both labelled with chromophores, binding proceeds noncooperatively and the formation of mixed micelles is assumed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 92 (1980), S. 429-444 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glykogen-Phosphorylasen katalysieren den Abbau von Glykogen durch Phosphat (oder Arsenat) zu Glucose-1-phosphat (bzw. Glucose + Arsenat). Alle Glykogen-Phosphorylasen enthalten Pyridoxal-5′-phosphat, ein Vitamin-B6-Derivat, als Cofaktor. Es ist im Enzym durch eine Doppelbindung mit der ∊-Aminogruppe eines Lysinrestes verbunden. Wird der Cofaktor vom Enzymprotein abgetrennt, erhält man inaktives Apoenzym. Das Enzym bleibt jedoch aktiv, wenn man die Doppelbindung mit NaBH4 reduziert. Sollte daher Pyridoxalphosphat an der Katalyse der Glykogen-Phosphorylasen beteiligt sein, so müßte es eine andere Funktion als in allen anderen „klassischen“ Pyridoxalphosphat-abhängigen Enzymen haben, denn diese werden durch Reduktion inaktiviert. Die 31P-NMR-Spektroskopie hat gezeigt, daß die Phosphatgruppe von Pyridoxalphosphat in den katalytisch aktiven Formen der Glykogen-Phosphorylasen als Dianion in einer hydrophoben Umgebung vorliegt. Die kovalente und allosterische Aktivierung der Muskel-Glykogen-Phosphorylasen wird von der Umwandlung der monoprotonierten Form der Phosphatgruppe des Cofaktors in die dianionische Form begleitet. Wir fanden nun derartige Ionisierungsänderungen auch bei den nichtregulierten aktiven Kartoffel- und E. -coli-Maltodextrin-Phosphorylasen, und zwar bei der Bindung von Glucose und Oligosacchariden sowie bei katalytischem Umsatz, d. h. Arsenolyse der α-1,4-glykosidischen Bindungen. (Maltodextrin-Phosphorylasen gehören wie Glykogen-Phosphorylasen zur Klasse der α-Glucan-Phosphorylasen.) Versuche unserer Gruppe sowie neuere Befunde über die Raumstruktur der kristallinen Muskel-Glykogen-Phosphorylase legen es nahe, die dianionische Phosphatgruppe als Protonenacceptor beim Glucosyltransfer vom und zum Glucosylacceptor anzusehen. Wenn dies auch nicht die einzige Erklärung der Befunde sein mag, so kann doch nicht mehr daran gezweifelt werden, daß die dianionische Phosphatgruppe des Cofaktors der Glykogen-Phosphorylasen eine katalytische Funktion ausübt.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 95 (1983), S. 336-337 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 17 (1978), S. 541-541 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 19 (1980), S. 441-455 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Pyridoxal phosphate ; Enzyme catalysis ; Glycogen phosphorylases ; Phosphorylases ; Enzymes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glycogen phosphorylases catalyze the degradation of glycogen by phosphate (or arsenate) to glucose 1-phosphate (or glucose + arsenate). All glycogen phosphorylases that have been studied so far contain pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, a vitamin B6-derivative, as cofactor. Removal of the cofactor results in an inactive apoenzyme. However, reduction of the azomethine bond linking pyridoxal phosphate to an ε-aminolysyl side chain of the enzyme with NaBH4 does not inactivate glycogen phosphorylase. If therefore the cofactor should be involved in catalysis in glycogen phosphorylase it must function differently from all other classical pyridoxal phosphate dependent enzymes, for these are inactivated by reduction. 31P-NMR spectroscopy has revealed that the 5′-phosphate group of pyridoxal phosphate is present in catalytically active forms of glycogen phosphorylases as dianion in a hydrophobic environment shielded from aqueous solvent. Covalent and/or allosteric activation of muscle glycogen phosphorylases is accompanied by a transition of the monoprotonated form to the dianionic form of the phosphate group of the cofactor. We now report on such ionization changes in unregulated active potato- and E. coli maltodextrin phosphorylases on binding of glucose and oligosaccharides and following catalytic turnover, i.e. arsenolysis of α-1,4-glycosidic bonds. (Like glycogen phosphorylases, maltodextrin phosphorylases belong to the class of α-glucan phosphorylases.) The results of experiments carried out by our group together with recent findings on the three dimensional structure of crystalline muscle glycogen phosphorylases indicate a participation of the dianionic phosphate group as proton acceptor for the glucosyl transfer to and from the glucosyl acceptor. Although other interpretations are not excluded, at present little doubt remains that in the case of glycogen phosphorylases the dianionic phosphate group of the cofactor functions in catalysis.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 22 (1983), S. 168-170 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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