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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in audiogenic seizure susceptibility (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 20 (1971), S. 48-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Audiogenic Seizures ; Biogenic Amines ; Genetics ; Priming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A genetically heterogeneous (HS) group of mice and a highly inbred strain of mice (C57BL/6) were both shown to become highly susceptible to audiogenic seizures after exposure to acoustic stimulation (priming). In heterogeneous mice the optimal age for priming was 18 days with a test-retest interval of 48 hours. The optimal test-retest interval in C57BL/6 mice primed at 20 days of age was 8 days. One second of priming was found effective in enhancing seizure susceptibility. Drugs known to alter steady state levels of biogenic amines and to change responses of mice genetically predisposed to audiogenic seizures were found to be effective in altering seizure susceptibility from priming, but not effective in altering the priming itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404058
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two isoforms of xenopus retinoic acid receptor γ2 (B) exhibit differential expression and sensitivity to retinoic acid during embryogenesis (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 17 (1995), S. 291-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Retinoic acid receptors ; retinoic acid ; Xenopus ; CNS ; pattern formation ; ultraviolet ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report the isolation of two retinoic acid receptor isoforms (RARγ), which differ only in the 5′ untranslated and putative N-terminus A regions. The two isoforms appear to serve as early markers for the presumptive neural axis; however, their expression patterns differ. RARγ2, 1 is first expressed at gastrulation at the dorsal lip and subsequently along the presumptive neural axis. RARγ2.2 represents the full-length sequence of a receptor cDNA already partially characterized and present as a maternal transcript [Ellinger-Ziegelbauer and Dreyer (1991); Genes Dev 5:94-104, (1993): Mech Dev 41:31-46; Pfeffer and DeRobertis, (1994) Mech Dev: 45:147-153]. Unlike RARγ2.2, the 2.1 variant is not expressed either in pre-somitic mesoderm or notochord. RARγ2.1 is strongly expressed in branchial arches and to a lesser extent in the neural floor plate. The two isoforms also exhibit differential sensitivity to retinoic acid. Constitutive expression of RARγ2.2 following neurulation appears to be depressed by treatment with retinoic acid, but domains of highest expression, namely, the head and tail, remain relatively unaffected, as do patterns of expression prior to late neurulation. By contrast, RARγ2.1 is not transcribed in retinoid-inhibited structures. Using microinjection techniques, we show that changes of RARγ2.1 expression in presumptive head structures occur as an early and local consequence of retinoic acid administration. Since RARγ2.1 expression is inhibited by retinoic acid, we tested to see if other treatments that perturb axis formation had any effect. Surprisingly, UV irradiation did not suppress expression of the RARγ2.1 transcript, suggesting that its inhibition by retinoic acid is not due solely to inhibition of anterior neural development. These experiments demonstrate a new subdivision of isoforms that undergo differential expression during development and that exhibit differential sensitivity to retinoic acid and to UV. This sensitivity and the presence of this isoform variant in regions that are known to exhibit polarizing activity strengthen the hypothesis that these receptors play a primary role during morphogenesis.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020170402
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-transcriptional regulation and DNA undermethylation of intracisternal A particle genes in embryonal carcinoma cell lines (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 125-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: retrovirus ; embryonal carcinoma ; embryonic gene ; DNA methylation ; gene expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Northern blot analysis and in vitro nuclear transcription assays were performed in order to clarify conflicting reports on the expression of intracisternal A particle (IAP) genes in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines. Results demonstrate that post-transcriptional mechanisms control the final steady-state levels of IAP RNA in EC cells. IAP genes were further found to be undermethylated in IAP-expressing EC cell lines.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080302
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of early gene expression in Dictyostelium (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 337-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium ; cAMP ; receptor ; gene regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have examined the expression of a cAMP pulse-repressed and two cAMP pulse-induced genes in response to cAMP and caffeine under a number of different physiological conditions, and in several classes of developmental mutants altered in cAMP-mediated signal transduction pathways. The data presented help characterize the mutants with regard to early gene expression. Analysis of the data indicates that full induction of the pulse-induced or repression of the pulse-repressed genes requires cycles of activation and adaptation of the cAMP receptor but does not require a rise in intracellular cAMP. Comparison of the results obtained between different mutant classes suggests that repression and activation of the two classes of genes can be uncoupled, implying that different intracellular mechanisms control these processes. In addition, we examined the effects of caffeine and show that it can induce pulse-induced mRNA accumulation in the absence of cAMP.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090415
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of late gene expression in a temperature-sensitive cohesion-defective mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 7 (1986), S. 99-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: cell-cell contact ; development ; prestalk ; prespore ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have analyzed the expression of a series of developmentally regulated genes in the Dictyostelium discoideum strain JC-5. This strain has been previously described as a temperature-sensitive, cohesion-defective derivative of FR17, itself a temporally deranged mutant of wild-type NC-4. At restrictive temperature (27°C), JC-5 initially acquires EDTA-resistant cell contacts but at the time of tip formation (12 hr) loses the ability to make specific cell-cell associations and regresses to an amorphous mound of cells. We have found that genes preferentially expressed in either prespore or prestalk cells are expressed prior to the appearance of the cohesion defect in JC-5; the specific cell contact system defective in this strain is necessary for neither the proper initiation nor maintenance of expression of either prespore of prestalk genes. We have also found, by use of an in vitro cell suspension system, that JC-5 is temperature-sensitive with respect to gene expression several hours before the defect in cell cohesion is observable. Our data suggest that the defect in JC-5 is due to a specific lesion not in the late cohesion system but rather in a more general component that is required earlier in the developmental process.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020070205
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of cis and trans elements involved in cAMP-inducible gene expression in Dictyostelium discoideum (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 9 (1988), S. 435-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: cis-acting sequences ; trans-acting factors ; gene regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Expression of the Dictyostelium discoideum pst-cath (CP2) gene is transcriptionally regulated during multicellular development, and the gene is inducible in competent single cells following administration of exogenous cAMP. The 5′ flanking region of pst-cath (CP2) that extends from -313 to the Cap site (+-1) has previously been shown to contain sufficient cis,-acting regulatory elements for proper developmental and cAMP-inducible expression of a foreign gene [Datta and Firtel, 1987, Mol Cell Biol 7:149-159]. The -283 to -201 region includes two exceptional “G-boxes” centered at -233 and -217 respectively, and this ∼ 80 bp region is essential for basal as well as regulated expression of the pst-cath (CP2) gene. Here we summarize results obtained from a detailed analysis of a series of linker-scanner mutants and mutants that carry small internal deletions within the essential 80-bp region. Insertion of a synthetic oligonucleotide that includes the downstream G-box is demonstrated to rescue a low level of cAMP-inducible expression following insertion into cassette mutants. The effect of introducing a change in the relative spacing between regulatory elements has also been investigated.We have analyzed nuclear extracts for the presence of DNA-binding proteins that interact specifically with the pst-cath (CP2) regulatory region and identified two such putative trans-acting factors: (1) the AT-factor that is observed within a few hours following the onset of starvation and that binds tightly to stretches of alternating adenine-thymine residues (poly(dA-dT)); and (2) the AG-factor that is present in nuclear extracts of aggregated cells. Competition studies have demonstrated significant differences in the affinity that characterizes the binding of the two factors to G-box-containing sequences. The binding specificities of these DNA-binding proteins have been analyzed using gel mobility-shift and DNaseI footprinting assays.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020090422
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibodies directed against a yeast carboxyl-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal specifically recognize peroxisomal proteins from various yeasts (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 8 (1992), S. 721-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Peroxisomes ; protein tarageting ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Candida tropicalis ; Candida albicans ; Yarrowia lipolytica ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The carboxyl-terminal tripeptide Ala-Lys-Ile is essential for targeting Canadida tropicalis trifunctional enzyme (hydratase-dehydrogenase-epimerase) to peroxisomes of both Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Aitchison, J. D., Murray, W. W. and Rachubinski, R. A. (1991). J. Biol. Chem. 266, 23197-23203). We investigated the possibility that this tripeptide may act as a general peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) for other proteins in the yeasts C. tropicalis, C. albicans, Yarrowia lipolytica and S. cerevisiae, and in rat liver. Anti-AKI antibodies raised against the carboxyl-terminal 12 amino acids of trifunctional enzyme were used to search for this PTS in proteins of these yeasts and of rat liver. The anti-AKI antibodies reacted exclusively with multiple peroxisomal proteins from the yeasts C. tropicalis, C. albicans and Y. lipolytica. There was a weak reaction of the antibodies with one peroxisomal protein from S. cerevisiae and no reaction with peroxisomal proteins from rat liver. Antibodies directed against a synthetic peptide containing a carboxyl-terminal Ser-Lys-Leu PTS (Gould, S. J., Krisans, S., Keller, G.-A. and Subramani, S. (1990). J. Cell Biol. 110, 27-34) reacted with multiple peroxisomal proteins of rat liver and with peroxisomal proteins of yeast distinct from those identified with anti-AKI antibodies. These results provide evidence that several peroxisomal proteins of different yeasts contain a PTS antigenically similar to that of C. tropicalis trifunctional enzyme and that this signal is absent from peroxisomal proteins from at least one mammalian system, rat liver.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320080905
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid identification and characterization of peroxisomal assembly mutants in Yarrowia lipolytica (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 507-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Peroxisome ; immunofluorescence ; PTS-1 ; electroporation ; yeast ; targeting ; biogenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We describe the isolation and characterization of peroxisomal assembly mutants in the genetically manipulable yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (pay mutants). These mutants were initially identified as oleic acid-non-utilizers by their inability to grow on oleic acid, the utilization of which requires peroxisomal β-oxidation enzymes. Identification of a subset of oleic acid-non-utilizers as pay mutants was obtained by a rapid immunofluorescence procedure using antibodies to the peroxisomal targeting signal Ser-Lys-Leu-CO2H. Punctate structures characteristic of peroxisomes were not detected in pay mutants using this technique. This rapid identification by immunofluorescence should be generally applicable to the selection of peroxisomal assembly mutants in other yeasts. To take advantage of the pay mutant system, we constructed a genomic library in the autonomously replicating vector pINA445 and developed an efficient and rapid electroporation procedure for the functional complementation of these mutants. We have been successful in functionally complementing two independent pay mutants. Molecular analysis of these and other complementing genes will allow for characterization of some of the cellular elements involved in peroxisomal assembly.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320090506
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yeast sequencing reports. Isolation of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (PRS1) gene from Candida albicans (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 11 (1995), S. 1295-1302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Candida albicans ; PRS1 ; phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have isolated a 3·7 kb EcoR1 fragment from a genomic library of Candida albicans which displayed a 65% level of identity with the PRS gene family (PRS) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The PRS gene encodes a phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase of S. cerevisiae, which catalyses the synthesis of purines, pyrimidines, and amino acids such as histidine and tryptophan. By Northern analyses, we observed that the entire 3·7 kb EcoR1 fragment as well as a 1·1 kb KpnI-SacI internal fragment of the 3·7 kb EcoR1 fragment hybridized to the same 1.4 kb transcript. An internal 2·6 kb KpnI fragment was subcloned and sequenced. A deduced sequence of 321 amino acids representing a polypeptide of 35·2 kDa was determined. A FASTA search indicated that the C. albicans PRS (Ca PRS1) had an overall homology at the amino acid level of 91% with the S. cerevisiae PRS3. Putative transcriptional start and termination sequences as well as a cation-binding, PRPP synthetase signature sequence were identified. Ca PRS1 was localized to chromosome 2 of the C. albicans genome. Low stringency hybridizations indicates that the organism may possess multiple PRS genes. The function of these genes in nitrogen signaling is discussed. The Ca PRS1 sequence submitted to the EMBL data library is available under Accession Number U23934.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320111310
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RPB7, one of two dissociable subunits of yeast RNA polymerase II, is essential for cell viability (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 295-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase II subunit gene RPB7 was isolated and sequenced. RPB7 is a single copy gene whose sequence predicts a 19,000 Dalton protein of 171 amino acids. RPB7 is known to dissociate from RNA polymerase II as an RPB4/RPB7 subcomplex in vitro. RPB7 also appears to interact with RNA polymerase II in a manner dependent upon RPB4, since RNA polymerase II purified from cells lacking RPB4 also lacks RPB7. Previous results have demonstrated that deletion of the RPB4 results in slow growth and cold- and temperature-sensitivity. In contrast, deletion of the RPB7 gene revealed that it is essential for cell growth and viability. Loss of both the RPB4 and the RPB7 genes causes lethality. These results suggest that RPB7 contributes to the function of RNA polymerase II in the absence of RPB4 either in a manner independent of its association with the enzyme or by directly binding to the enzyme in a manner independent of its association with RPB4.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320090309
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