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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1998 (1998), S. 1353-1360 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Substitution ; Carbohydrates ; Anomeric O-hetarylation ; Glycosylation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Anomeric O-hetarylation of tetra-O-benzyl- and tetra-O-acetylglucose (1a, b) can be directly performed with electron-deficient heteroaromatic/heterocyclic systems 2-14, which contain imide halide moieties. The reactions were carried out in the presence of a base and led, through an exchange of the halide by the glucopyranosyloxy moiety, to the products 2a-14a, 7b-14b. Predominantly or exclusively β-products were obtained. Systems bearing more than one imide halide moiety, such as cyanuric fluoride (15) or 5-chloro-2,4,6-trifluoropyrimidine (16), can be employed for successive anomeric O-hetarylations. Investigation of the glycosyl donor properties of O-glucosyl heteroaromatic imidates with 6-O- and 4-O-unprotected glucose derivatives 18 and 19 as acceptors and comparison of the results obtained with data for the corresponding β-trichloroacetimidates 17aβ and 17bβ, reveals that 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridin-4-yl glucopyranosides 14aβ and 14bβ exhibit similar properties. For specific tasks, for instance α-glucopyranoside formation, 14aβ may even be advantageous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 1153-1165 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Carbohydrates ; Phospholipids ; Glycolipids ; Sphingosines ; Ceramides ; Ceramides-1-phosphates ; Glycosylation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -For the design of a synthesis of target molecule 1 the retrosynthetic analysis yielded building blocks 2-5, of which ceramide 2-phosphite derivative 2 and aminoethyl phosphite derivative 5 are known. The generation of α-glucosaminyl (1→6)inositol building block 3 was based on pseudodisaccharide 6 which was selectively benzoylated at 6b-O and then selectively benzylated at 3b-O to give 3. The synthesis of tetramannosyl building block 4 started from known ortho ester derivative 8 which was transformed into versatile mannosyl donors 13 and 18 and into acceptor 22. Reaction of 13 with 22 gave α-disaccharide 23, deacetylation and then mannosylation with 18 gave trisaccharide 25; ensuing deacetylation and mannosylation with 13 gave tetrasaccharide 27; deallylation, acetylation, regioselective removal of the anomeric O-acetyl group and treatment with CCl3CN/DBU afforded 4. Glycosylation of 3 with donor 4 led to pseudohexasaccharide 31 in high yield. Replacement of the O-acyl groups by O-benzyl groups and then exchange of the menthyloxycarbonyl group by an O-acetyl group gave 36 which enabled regioselective attachment of 2 and 5. To this end, the 6e-O-silyl group was removed and then the aminoethyl phosphate residue was attached with reagent 5 to give 38 in high yield. 1a-O-Deacetylation and then reaction with 2 afforded 40 as fully protected 1 which was liberated in two steps; treatment with acid removed all acid labile protective groups and finally catalytic hydrogenation afforded the desired GPI anchor 1 which could be fully structurally assigned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1995 (1995), S. 467-469 
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Glycosides ; Carbohydrates ; Trichloroacetimidates ; Coumarin derivatives ; Fries rearrangement ; Perkin reaction ; Wittig reaction ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 3,5-Dimethoxyphenol (2) was glycosylated with O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl) trichloroacetimidate (1) and trimethylsilyl triflate (TMSOTf) as the promoter to yield the aryl C-glycoside 3 via an O-glycoside intermediate and subsequent Fries rearrangement. After formylation, the coumarin C-glycoside 7 was synthesized either by Perkin reaction with acetic anhydride or by Wittig reaction followed by cyclization at 150°C. Deprotonation yielded the coumarin 8-C-glycoside 8, a dimethyl ether of an isomer of naturally occurring coumarin 6-C-glycosides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1995 (1995), S. 461-466 
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Glycosides ; Flavones ; Vitexin ; Isovitexin ; Isoembigenin ; Carbohydrates ; Trichloroacetimidates ; Fries rearrangement ; Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone (4) was glycosylated with O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl) trichloroacetimidate (5) and trimethylsilyl triflate as promoter to yield directly the C-glycoside 6. Construction of the flavone system by application of a Baker-Venkataraman-type rearrangement followed by deprotection yielded isoembigenin (2). Glycosylation of 4,6-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-hydroxyacetophenone (17) with the trichloroacetimidate 5 afforded the O-glycoside intermediate 18 which was converted via Fries rearrangement into the C-glycoside 21. Applying again the Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement and cyclization gave isovitexin and vitexin derivatives 25 and 26, which were completely deprotected to yield isovitexin (1b) and vitexin (1a), respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Glycosides ; Oligosaccharides ; Koenigs-Knorr method ; Synthetic methods ; Carbohydrates ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycophospholipids (glycoconjugates) are components of membranes. The oligosaccharide residue is responsible for intercellular recognition and interaction; it acts as a receptor for proteins, hormones, and viruses and governs immune reactions. These significant activities have stimulated interest in oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. With their help it should be possible to clarify the molecular basis of these phenomena and to derive new principles of physiological activity. Major advances in the synthesis of oligosaccharides have been made by the use of the Koenigs-Knorr method, in which glycosyl halides in the presence of heavy-metal salts are employed to transfer the glycosyl group to nucleophiles. The disadvantages of this procedure have led to an intensive search for new methods. Such methods will be discussed in this article. Emphasis is placed on glycoside and saccharide formation by 1-O-alkylation, on the trichloroacetimidate method, and on activation through the formation of glycosylsulfonium salts and glycosyl fluorides.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1992 (1992), S. 377-382 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Glycosides ; Disaccharides ; Undecaose ; Carbohydrates ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: From 4-O-unsubstituted glucose derivatives 1a, b the 4-hydroxymethyl-substituted glucose derivatives 9a, b were obtained via oxidation to the ketone, Wittig reaction with methylenetriphenylphosphorane, borane addition, and subsequent oxidation to yield the diastereomeric galactose-derived compounds 5a, b; the required inversion of configuration at C-4 was accomplished through oxidation to the formyl derivatives, base-catalyzed isomerisation, and then reduction. Transformation of hydroxymethyl derivatives 9a, b into the iodo derivatives 11a, b and reaction with n-butyllithium generated the C-lithiated species 11aA, bA which furnished with O-benzyl-protected gluconolactone 12 the ketose derivatives 13a, b. Treatment with Et2O-BF3 afforded under concomitant 6-O-debenzylation the spiroketals 15a, b. Hydrogenolytic O-debenzylation and subsequent O-acetylation led to compounds 16a and 16b, respectively. The anomeric ketoside configuration was derived from NOE experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1992 (1992), S. 817-823 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Glycosyl trichloroacetimidates ; Glycosylation ; D-Xylose ; D-Quinovose ; Steroids ; Saponins ; Starfish ; Asterias amurensis ; Carbohydrates ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of 2-O-acetyl-protected O-galactosyl trichloroacetimidate 3 as glycosyl donor and 2,4-di-O-unprotected xylopyranoside 2 as glycosyl acceptor furnished in the presence of Et2O · BF3 as catalyst regioselectively β-(1→4)-connected disaccharide 4 which gave upon subsequent reaction with O-quinovosyl trichloroacetimidate 5 as donor β-(1→2)-connection, thus affording trisaccharide 6. Removal of the 2-O-acetyl group from the galactosyl moiety yielded acceptor 7; its glycosylation with donor 5 furnished β-connected tetrasaccharide 8. This compound was transformed via 1-O-desilylation and then treatment with trichloroacetonitrile in the presence of a base into O-tetraosyl trichloroacetimidate 10 as glycosyl donor. Reaction of 10 with 3-O-unprotected 2,4-di-O-acetyl- and 2,4-di-O-benzyl-protected quinovosides 13 and 16 furnished the desired fully O-protected pentasaccharides 17 and 18, respectively. Hydrogenolytic O-debenzylation of 18 furnished the O-unprotected target molecule 19 which was characterized as its O-acetyl product 20.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1993 (1993), S. 859-864 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Glycosphingolipids ; Ganglio series ; Blood group B determinant ; Glycosides ; Trichloroacetimidates ; Saccharides ; Carbohydrates ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of the O-acetyl protected heptasaccharide moiety (2) of BGM1 was performed according to the following reaction sequence: Reaction of 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidenegalactosyl trichloroacetimidate 4 (as donor) with 3-O-unprotected 2-azidogalactose 5 (as acceptor) gave β(1→3)-connected disaccharide 6. Subsequent O-deacetylation followed by reaction with galactosyl donor 8 afforded regioselectively trisaccharide 9 which was converted into tetrasaccharide 12 by treatment with fucosyl donor 11. Transformation of 12 via acid-catalyzed O-deisopropylidenation, O-acetylation, anomeric O-desilylation, and then base-catalyzed treatment with trichloroacetonitrile afforded trichloroacetimidate 16 as tetraosyl donor. Reaction of 16 with the known 4b-O-unprotected sialyllactose derivative 17 gave in acetonitrile at -40°C in the presence of TMSOTf as the catalyst the desired heptasaccharide 18. Azido group reduction with propanedithiol, N-acetylation, hydrogenolytic O-debenzylation, and O-debenzylidenation under acidic conditions followed by O-acetylation afforded the target molecule 2. The structural assignments were based on the 1H-NMR data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1994 (1994), S. 645-651 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Calonyctin A ; Saccharides ; Resin glycosides ; Glycosides ; Trichloroacetimidates ; Carbohydrates ; D-Quinovose ; L-Rhamnose ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 3-O-Benzyl-protected quinovose 6 was transformed into 1,2-O-unprotected derivative 9 which on treatment with TBS-Cl in the presence of a base gave selectively 2-O-unprotected glycosyl acceptor 10. Similarly, 3-O-allyl-protected quinovose 11 was transformed into 1,2-O-unprotected derivative 14. 1,2-O-Acetylation of 14, selective removal of the 1-O-acetyl group with hydrazinium acetate, and subsequent treatment with trichloroacetonitrile in the presence of DBU furnished the versatile 2-O-acetyl-3-O-allyl-protected quinovosyl donor 17. Reaction of donor 17 with acceptor 10 in the presence of TMSOTf as the catalyst gave disaccharide 19. Treatment of 19 with NaOMe/MeOH provided 2b-O-unprotected derivative 20 which gave with rhamnosyl donor 18 in the presence of TMSOTf as the catalyst trisaccharide 21. 3b-O-Deallylation of 21 and subsequent reaction with donor 17, again in the presence of TMSOTf as the catalyst, gave target tetrasaccharide 2. Removal of all O-protective groups furnished D-Quiß(1→3)[L-Rhaα(1→2)]D-Quiß(1→2)D-Qui (3), the tetrasaccharide moiety of calonyctin A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1994 (1994), S. 325-329 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Glycosides ; Phosphites ; Lewis antigen X (LeX) and A (Lea) ; Carbohydrates ; Saccharides ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tri-O-benzyl-L-fucose (3) was transformed into the bis(trichloroethyl) phosphite derivative 4 which was allowed to react with 3-O-unprotected azidoglucose 7 as fucosyl acceptor in the presence of TMSOTf as catalyst to furnish disaccharide building block 1, useful in Lewis antigen X (LeX) synthesis, in 75% yield. Similarly, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-galactose (8) was transformed into the bis(trichloroethyl) phosphite derivative 9 which afforded by treatment with acceptor 7 disaccharide 10 in 64% yield. The reaction of the derived acceptor 11 with donor 4 furnished trisaccharide building block 12, useful in Lewis antigen A (Lea) synthesis, in 88% yield. Transformation into the less reactive donor 14 and reaction with lactose acceptor 15 gave pentasaccharide 2 only in modest yield, thus exhibiting the scope and limitations of phosphite leaving groups in glycosylation reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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