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  • Head oscillations  (1)
  • Interface deformation  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Shock waves 4 (1994), S. 101-107 
    ISSN: 1432-2153
    Keywords: Interface deformation ; Multi-fluids ; Numerical simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A numerical method that can treat a contact discontinuity as a sharp discontinuity is proposed by introducing a density function. The surface of the density function representing the discontinuity can be described with alomost one grid on an Eulerian formulation throughout the calculation even if the surface distortion is large. The algorithm is based on the CIP (cubic-interpolated propagation) method combined with variable transformation. Smearings of the discontinuity are overcome without using any special treatment to the surface. Dependent variables on both sides of the surface are computed in a normal procedure. The present scheme is applied both to a compressible flow and quasi-incompressible flow accompanying shock discontinuities. The result exhibits advantages of this method in robustness and efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Calcium-activated potassium channels ; Head oscillations ; Eye oscillations ; Electrogenic sodium pump ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a previous in vitro study, we have shown that guinea-pig medial vestibular nucleus neurons (MVNn) can be grouped into two main cell types based on their intrinsic membrane properties. Subsequent in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that these neurons are endowed with N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and that NMDA induces rhythmic bursts in B MVNn. We now report the occurrence of rhythmic bursts in B MVNn (and in the subclass of B–LTS MVNn) which are induced by long-lasting perfusion of either apamin, a selective blocker of one type of Ca2–-dependent K– conductance (SK channels), or by a high Mg2–/low Ca2– artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Apamin-induced bursts were studied in vitro in brainstem slices, and in vivo in the alert unrestrained guinea-pig. In vitro, intracellular recordings demonstrated that the frequency of the bursts was voltage dependent. These bursts were insensitive to d-2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid but could be abolished by tetrodotoxin or blocked by the bath application of 20–50 μM of ouabain, a blocker of the sodium pump. In the in vivo preparation, unilateral infusion of apamin into the vestibular nuclei induced oscillatory head and eye movements. Our data show that the blockade of a Ca2–-activated K– conductance may switch, in vitro and probably in vivo, the B MVNn firing pattern from a regular to a bursting firing pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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