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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxic and behavioral effects of selected insecticides on theHeliothis parasitoidMicroplitis croceipes (1989)
    Springer
    BioControl 34 (1989), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Microplitis croceipes ; insecticides ; Hymenoptera ; Heliothis ; parasitoid ; toxicity ; behavior ; Microplitis croceipes ; insecticide ; Hymenoptera ; Heliothis ; parasitoide ; toxicité ; comportement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les insecticides chimiques continuent à jouer le rôle primordial dans la lutte contre les arthropodes ravageurs du coton. Le choix des insecticides qui sont efficaces contre ces ravageurs, tout en permettant la survie des ennemis naturels, est une bonne pratique et une tactique écologique.Microplitis croceipes, important parasitoide d'Heliothis spp., est relativement peu sensible à certains insecticides quand il est exposé aux plantes traitées. Cependant des insecticides même relativement non toxiques provoquent des altérations significatives dans le comportement de vol et de recherche. De telles interférences subléthales avec des comportements clefs impliqués dans le parasitisme illustrent la nécessité de considérer plus que la toxicité directe quand on estime les effets néfastes des insecticides sur les espèces d'insectes utiles.
    Notes: Abstract Toxic and behavior-modifying actions of several formulated insecticides were determined forMicroplitis croceipes (Cresson), a braconid parasitoid ofHeliothis spp. Exposure of adult parasitoids to cotton plants sprayed at recommended field rates with a pyrethroid/formamidine mixture (fenvalerate/chlordimeform) resulted in significantly higher mortality rates (10.4 to 22.6 percent) than in controls. Exposure to the carbamate thiodicarb resulted in similar rates of mortality. Only methomyl, a type of carbamate different from thiodicarb, caused mortality significantly higher than all other treatments, ranging to about 70%. Flight activity was measured by attraction to cotton in a laboratory wind tunnel bioassay. Females sprayed directly with a fenvalerate/chlordimeform mixture had significantly decreased flight activity up to 20 h post-treatment. Alternatively, attraction to cotton sprayed with either the fenvalerate/chlordimeform mixture or with methomyl to unsprayed females was significantly decreased, compared to plants sprayed with water only. These results suggest that the actions of insecticides, other than those of direct toxicity, may be important on beneficial parasitoids. Behaviors, such as flight activity and foraging, may be altered by even relatively non-toxic insecticides, thus potentially modifying the effectiveness of natural enemies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372591
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of bacterial contamination on development ofMicroplitis croceipes [Hym.: Braconidae] (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 475-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Microplitis ; Heliothis ; bacterial contamination ; Microplitis croceipes ; Heliothis virescens ; bacterial contamination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude a démontré que la contamination bactérienne d'Heliothis virescens a généralement une influence négative sur le développement deMicroplitis croceipes. La plus virulent des 4 espèces bactériennes étudiées a étéPseudomonas maltophilia suivie parBacillus subtilis. Ces deux bactéries provoquent une forte mortalité à tous les stades de développment deMicroplitis. Les larves deMicroplitis étaient moins sensibles àEscherichia coli et àLeuconostoc mesenteroides qu'àB. subtilis etP. maltophilia. Bien qu'E. coli n'ait eu aucun effet sur le nombre de cocons produits, l'émergence a été plus faible dans le lot contaminé que dans le lot témoin. La longévité des adultes deMicroplitis est fortement réduite par la contamination bactérienne provenant de sources alimentaires.
    Notes: Abstract Bacterial contaminants ofHeliothis virescens (F.) influenced the development ofMicroplitis croceipes (Cresson). Among the four bacterial species studied, the most virulent wasPseudomonas maltophilia Hugh and Ryschenkow followed byBacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn. Both bacteria caused severe mortality in all stages ofMicroplitis tested.Microplitis larvae were less susceptible toEscherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers andLeuconostoc mesenteroides (Tsenkovskii) van Thieghem than toB. subtilis andP. maltophilia. AlthoughE. coli did not affect the number of cocoons produced, adult emergence was lower than in controls. Longevity of adultMicroplitis exposed to bacterially contaminated honey-water was greatly reduced in all bacterial treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373120
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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