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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ocular vascular endothelial growth factor levels in diabetic rats are elevated before observable retinal proliferative changes (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 726-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Vascular endothelial growth factor ; vascular permeability factor ; Goto-Kakisaki rat ; diabetic retinopathy ; ELISA ; immunohistochemistry.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor. VEGF levels in ocular tissue of 6-, 12-, 18- and 28-week-old Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a well-known model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes, were evaluated by highly sensitive ELISA. VEGF concentrations in the GK rat as well as in non-diabetic Wistar rat significantly decreased from the age of 6 weeks to 18 weeks. However, although VEGF concentrations in the Wistar rat continued to fall significantly from 18 to 28 weeks of age, the levels were maintained between 18 and 28 weeks of age in GK rats. Levels were significantly different between the GK and Wistar rats at 28 weeks of age. Results of immunohistochemical studies of the eyes of Wistar and GK rats at 28 weeks of age suggest diffuse distribution of this cytokine in cells of neural origin. Weak to moderate VEGF immunoreactivity was exhibited mainly in the ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer and inner/outer nuclear layers in rats with and without diabetes. However, in the retinal optic nerve fiber layer, retinal pigment epithelium and choroid, strong VEGF immunoreactivity was noted only in the GK rat. In conclusion, increased VEGF production in certain ocular tissue, similar to that in humans, is observed quite early, at least before the appearance of observable retinal changes in the diabetic GK rat. This also suggests that the GK rat can be used as a model of initial or latent phase diabetic retinopathy. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 726–730]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050740
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of fibronectin metabolites in normal rat urine
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 967 (1988), S. 176-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Keywords: (Rat urine) ; Characterization ; ELISA ; Fibronectin metabolite ; Immunoblotting
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-4165(88)90007-4
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of histamine on the smooth muscle cells of the ear artery of the rabbit (1980)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 387 (1980), S. 17-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Vascular smooth muscle ; Histamine ; Excitation-contraction-coupling ; Perivascular nerves ; Cellular Ca store
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Histamine activates both H1- and H2-receptors in the ear artery of the rabbit. The specific action of these receptor activations on the membrane potential and the force development has been investigated by using the H1-blocking agent mepyramine and the H2-blocking agent cimetidine. H1-activation depolarizes and increases force development, while H2-activation hyperpolarizes and reduces force development. These effects on the force development can occur independently of the changes of the membrane potential. By determining the effect of histamine on tissues which were denervated with 6-hydroxydopamine it was shown that histamine exerts its effect directly on the smooth muscle cells. Na-deficiency depolarizes the smooth muscle cells, but it also reduces the changes of the membrane potential and the force development induced by H1-stimulation. K-free medium prevents the hyperpolarizing effect of H2-activation. As far as the ion fluxes are concerned and H1-activation is found to induce an increased efflux of K while a simultaneous H2-activation only reduces the increase of flux induced by H1-activation. H1-activation induces a release of Ca from the intracellular Ca stores, while H2-activation inhibits this release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00580839
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct and indirect effects of histamine on the smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig main pulmonary artery (1983)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 399 (1983), S. 46-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Histamine ; Main pulmonary artery ; Neuromuscular transmission ; Noradrenaline sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electrophysiological studies of the effects of histamine on the smooth muscles in the guinea-pig main pulmonary artery revealed that this amine produced muscle contraction with an associated depolarization of the membrane. Application of cimetidine potentiated and that of mepyramine suppressed these histamine-induced responses. In the presence of mepyramine, histamine produced membrane hyperpolarization. Contractions produced by perivascular nerve stimulation were potentiated by histamine, and additional application of cimetidine further potentiated while addition of mepyramine suppressed the histamine-induced enhancement. The amplitude of excitatory junction potentials was increased by application of histamine plus cimetidine and was decreased by histamine plus mepyramine. Excitatory effects of histamine on the electrical and mechanical responses were reduced by application of tetrodotoxin, prazosin, phentolamine or guanethidine. In the presence of these drugs, histamine produced depolarization with an associated increase in membrane resistance and, in high concentrations, produced spike potentials. Electrical and mechanical responses of the smooth muscles to exogenously applied noradrenaline were potentiated by pretreatment with histamine and cimetidine, and were suppressed by histamine and mepyramine. These observations indicate that the guinesa-pig main pulmonary artery possesses two types of histamine receptor, H1- and H2-receptors, in the smooth muscles and in the perivascular adrenergic nerves. Stimulation of H1 or H2-receptor produces excitatory or inhibitory effects, respectively, on the smooth muscles and on the adrenergic nerves. Contraction of the muscle tissues produced by histamine is brought about by a direct effect on the smooth muscles and by increased release of transmitters, as a result of excitation of perivascular nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00652521
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