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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 266 (1970), S. 208-222 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Anaphylatoxin ; Anaphylaxis ; Histamine ; Catecholamines ; β-Adrenergic Blockade ; Anaphylatoxin ; Anaphylaxie ; Histamin ; Katechol amine ; β-adrenergische Blockade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In the heart lung preparation (HLP) of the guinea pig 2.5 ml rat serum anaphylatoxin (AT) released approximately ten times less histamine than was released by 5 mg ovalbumin in the sensitized HLP. In intact animals the plasma histamine increase caused by 5 ml/kg AT was not significantly different from that caused by 10 mg/kg ovalbumin. It is supposed that in AT shock extrapulmonary sources contribute to plasma histamine more than in anaphylactic shock. 2. Mepyramine maleate (40 μg/ml blood) did not significantly reduce the bronchospasm caused by AT in HLP except when a very high AT dose (0.3 ml/ml) was given. In the intact animal, mepyramine lowered the AT-induced bronchospasm by 50–65%. This effect of mepyramine is completely abolished byβ-adrenoceptive receptor blockade. 3. It is concluded that the prevalence of histamine effects in AT shock in vivo, as documented by the life saving effect of antihistamines, is due to 2 facts: influx of histamine from the organs other than the lung, and preferential antagonism by catecholamines of such shock mechanisms which are not based on histamine release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Anaphylaxis ; Histamine ; Antihistaminics ; Cateoholamines ; Pulmonary Circulation ; Bronchospasm ; Anaphylaxie ; Histamin ; Antihistaminica ; Katecholamine ; Lungenkreislauf ; Bronchospasmus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In the guinea pig heart-lung-preparation (HLP) anaphylactic bronchospasm was not greatly affected by mepyramine (2–40 μg/ml blood), adrenaline (0.1 and 1 μg/ml), noradrenaline (0.1 μg/ml) or papaverine (100 μg/ml) but was completely abolished by combining mepyramine with the lower dose of adrenaline. A partial antagonism was achieved by the combined action of mepyramine and papaverine which became complete when adrenaline was added. 2. Bronchospasm due to histamine was completely prevented by mepyramine, but only partially antagonized by both adrenaline doses used. 3. The increase of pulmonary vascular resistance in anaphylaxis was not inhibited by the highest tolerated amounts of mepyramine or papaverine, no matter whether the drugs were given alone or in combination. Adrenaline, in contrast to noradrenaline, was partially effective at the lower dose (0.1 μg/ml). The higher concentration did not act more strongly. It became fully effective when mepyramine was added either alone or combined with papaverine. 4. The increase of pulmonary vascular resistance induced by histamine was strongly and significantly antagonized by mepyramine alone as well as by the lower concentration of adrenaline (0.1 μg/ml). Noradrenaline had no significant effect in either amount given (0.1 and 1 μg/ml). 5. Antigen increased heart rate in sensitized HLPs, probably due to histamine release. This effect was resistant to mepyramine. 6. The present findings are discussed a) with respect to the refractoriness of the anaphylactic bronchospasm to mepyramine, an effect displayed in isolated lung preparations but not in intact animals. b) with respect to the mechanism of the so-called protracted shock which is mainly due to heart failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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