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  • Histograms  (1)
  • Human Skeletal Muscle  (1)
  • Key words Ifosfamide  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 19 (1971), S. 51-69 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Human Skeletal Muscle ; Autopsy Material ; Biometric Analysis ; Fiber Diameter ; Histograms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study represents an effort to tabulate the normal mean cross-sectional diameters of human striated muscle fibers in post-mortem material ranging in age from five months gestation through senescence. Age, sex, height and weight of the subjects were taken into account. Cases with neuromuscular illnesses or inanition were specifically excluded. All measurements represent mean narrow fiber diameter of celloidin embedded material sampled at the maximum diameter of the muscle belly. Noteworthy findings include a rapid increase in mean narrow diameter of all muscles except gastrocnemius from gestation to the immediate neonatal period. This was followed by a slower gradual increase in fiber diameter until the age of puberty when again a rapid increase was noted in all muscles except the superior rectus. Following puberty, the superior rectus diameter remained relatively constant throughout life. The sternomastoid, deltoid, biceps, sartorius, quadriceps and gastrocnemius continued a gradual steady increase in fiber size until the late third to early fourth decade, thereafter slowly diminishing in size by the ninth decade. Data are presented to show that the fusiform shape of the biceps muscle cannot be entirely attributed to the fusiform shape of the individual fibers. Particular care must be taken in selecting the level of measurement as fiber diameters appear to be significantly larger near the maximum breadth of the muscle bely. Factors are presented for conversion of measurements between various methods of histologic processing. A useful rule is that the ratio of the sizes of fresh-frozen, fixed-frozen, celloidin and paraffin embedded fibers is roughly 10:9:8:7.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Supportive care in cancer 6 (1998), S. 144-154 
    ISSN: 1433-7339
    Keywords: Key words Ifosfamide ; Mesna ; Urotoxicity ; Dose ; Schedule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The purpose of this study was to make evidence-based recommendations regarding the mode, dosage and schedule of delivery of concomitant mesna (sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) to protect against ifosfamide-induced uroepithelial toxicity. A critical review of the literature from 1966 to 1996 was undertaken on mesna administration via the intravenous, oral, or combined modality routes. Outcome measures of urinary symptoms and macrohematuria were emphasized, since these end-points of urotoxicity are most clinically relevant. The quality of evidence obtained from published clinical research was evaluated based on guidelines developed by the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. Recommendations are now made according to the strength of available evidence on the proper usage of mesna as a protective agent against ifosfamide-induced urotoxicity. There is good evidence that the use of mesna significantly reduces urinary symptoms of dysuria and frequency, as well as the incidences of macrohematuria and microhematuria, when administered concurrently with any dosage of ifosfamide regardless of tumor site. Mesna, given intravenously or orally, is superior to standard prophylaxis with vigorous hydration and alkalinization of urine. A commonly used schedule of intravenous mesna involves a dose equal to 60% of the total ifosfamide dose, divided into three aliquots and administered at 0 h, 4 h and 8 h after ifosfamide. Combined oral and intravenous mesna delivered in some tested schedules is equivalent to intravenous mesna alone, but the optimal schedule and dosage of combined formulation have not yet been established. There is fair indirect but no direct evidence that oral mesna alone is equivalent to intravenous mesna or combined modality use. Further research issues, such as patient compliance with oral mesna and other routes of mesna delivery, are discussed. Ongoing study in the appropriate use of mesna is needed to maximize its value as a uroprotective agent in the clinical setting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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