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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Central noradrenergic innervation ; Rat spinal cord ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Monoamine oxidase staining
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The origin of the spinal cord noradrenaline (NA) has been investigated by means of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method, combined with monoamine oxidase staining (Glenner) to identify the NA neurons. Following the injection of HRP to the various levels of rat spinal cord, cervical to sacral cord, A1–3, 5–7 NA neuron groups were labeled with HRP. They showed almost the same distribution pattern regardless of difference in the injected segment. Labeled NA neurons in A6 were concentrated in the ventral division of the locus coeruleus, which continued to the labeled NA neurons in the subcoeruleus area. The HRP positive neurons in the pons outnumbered those of the medulla oblongata. As the NA neurons described above were considered to be the source of NA in the forebrain, such as the hypothalamus and preoptic area, the possibility that the same NA neurons might innervate both the forebrain and spinal cord has been presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Afferent connection ; Lower brain stem ; Hypothalamus ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Histofluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Attempts were made to determine the afferent projections to the anterior hypothalamus including the preoptic area from the lower brain stem by means of the horseradish peroxidase method combined with monoamine oxidase staining to identify noradrenaline (NA) neurons. In addition to this technique, a histofluorescence analysis was performed. NA fibers in the medial part of the anterior hypothalamus were mainly supplied by A1 and A2 NA neuron groups, while the lateral part and periventricular zone received NA terminals from both pontine and medulla oblongata NA neuron groups. Furthermore, the present study indicated that there were direct projections to the anterior hypothalamus from non-noradrenergic neurons in the lower brain stem: nuclei raphe dorsalis, centralis superior, cells in the mesencephalic and pontine central gray matter, nuclei parabrachialis lateralis and medialis, cells around fasciculus longitudinalis medialis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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