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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diminution and reversal of eye movements induced by local stimulation of rabbit cerebellar flocculus after partial destruction of the inferior olive (1978)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 33 (1978), S. 139-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Inferior olive ; Cerebellum ; Flocculus ; Rabbit ; Eye movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After the dorsal cap and adjacent ventrolateral outgrowth regions of the inferior olive had been chronically destroyed in the rabbits, the eye movements evoked by local stimulation of the flocculus were reduced in amplitude and reversed in direction, indicating that the inhibition by flocculus Purkinje cells of vestibulo-ocular relay neurons could no longer be actuated by the stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238801
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vestibular-evoked postsynaptic potentials in Deiters neurones (1969)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 7 (1969), S. 214-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters ; Vestibular nerve ; EPSP ; Monosynaptic ; Disynaptic ; IPSP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stimulation of the vestibular nerve induced EPSPs monosynaptically in 29% of cat's Deiters neurones sampled on the ipsilateral side. These EPSPs started with latencies of 0.6–1.0 msec, rose sharply with a summit time of 0.5 msec and decayed exponentially with a time constant of 0.9–1.7 msec. Then amplitudes were graded finely according to the intensity of the vestibular nerve stimulation, the maximal size being 5–10 mV. The unitary EPSPs, evoked by vestibular nerve stimulation at juxta-threshold intensity or appearing spontaneously, were as small as 0.2–0.3 mV in amplitude. Those neurones monosynaptically activated by vestibular nerve volleys were located in the ventral portion of the nucleus of Deiters, in agreement with histological data. The vestibular nerve impulses also produced delayed EPSPs with latencies of 1.0–1.8 msec, presumably disynaptically. They occurred in many Deiters neurones located not only ventrally but also dorsally. Even later EPSPs often were superposed on the monosynaptic EPSPs with latencies of 1.9–2.2 msec. There is evidence that they were caused by repetitive discharges in the vestibular nerve fibres which occur in response to single shock stimulation of the vestibular nerve. IPSPs were produced only polysynaptically in some Deiters neurones in association with the monosynaptic EPSPs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239030
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellar-evoked disinhibition in dorsal deiters neurones (1968)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 6 (1968), S. 247-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters neurones ; Disinhibition ; Cerebellum ; Cats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following the stimulation of cerebellar cortex, a slow depolarization developed in the neurones which were impaled with microelectrodes in the dorsal portion of the nucleus of Deiters. Characteristically, it was produced bilaterally from a wide area of the culmen and, with double shock stimulation at brief intervals, showed a marked potentiation, often in association with a later depression. After repetitive stimulation of the cerebellar cortex the slow depolarization was prolonged for a period of many seconds. Even stimulation of the spinal cord caused similar depolarization. By intracellular injection of currents and ions, the depolarization was shown to be disinhibition, i. e., removal of background inhibition. Accordingly, it was confirmed that there was a steady production of IPSPs in dorsal Deiters neurones, which diminished during the phase of disinhibition. As the possible source of these background IPSPs, the Purkinje cell axons within the nucleus of Deiters were found to be discharging rhythmically at a rate of 20–90/sec, and in fact they were depressed very effectively after cerebellar stimulation. At the same time, volleys along Purkinje cell axons produced by a testing cerebellar stimulation also were diminished, indicating a depression in the excitability of Purkinje cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235127
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of mossy fiber-granule cell pathway to the cerebellar-induced delayed inhibition in Deiters neurones (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 12 (1971), S. 223-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters ; Purkinje Cell ; Mossy fibre ; Granule Cell ; IPSP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In anaesthetized cats, electric pulse stimuli were applied at various lateralities to the anterior lobe of the cerebellum. In dorsal Deiters neurones delayed IPSPs with latencies of 3–6 msec were evoked from the entire area of the culmen including the paravermis bilaterally. The delayed IPSPs had a summit time of about 2 msec and a duration of about 7 msec. They showed a marked temporal facilitation and subsequent depression with double shock stimulation. Corticovestibular fibers were penetrated within the nucleus of Deiters and showed delayed, labile responses to cortical stimulation, corresponding to the delayed IPSPs in Deiters neurones. During stimulation of the anterior lobe at any laterality, field potentials recorded in the cerebellar cortex further revealed that there was activation, presumably through axon collaterals of mossy fibers, of granule cells and subsequently of Purkinje cells in the vermal cortex. Cortical events exhibited a prominent temporal facilitation and subsequent depression, in parallel with that observed for the delayed IPSPs in Deiters neurones. The delayed IPSPs in Deiters neurones arising from a wide area of the cerebellar cortex thus were attributed to activation through mossy fiber-granule cell pathway of Purkinje cells of the corticovestibular projection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237915
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origin of cerebellar-induced inhibition of Deiters neurones III. Localization of the inhibitory zone (1968)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 4 (1968), S. 310-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters neurones ; Cerebellum ; Inhibitory zone ; Cats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By recording intracellularly from Deiters neurones of cats, there was a survey of those cerebellar areas that, when stimulated, produced inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) monosynaptically in Deiters neurones. The monosynaptic inhibitory area expanded longitudinally mainly along the ipsilateral vermal cortex of the anterior lobe. The ipsilateral cortex of the posterior lobe was also effective in inhibiting Deiters neurones though less prominently than the anterior lobe. The inhibitory fibers could be stimulated in the white matter of the cerebellum, predominantly in the ipsilateral side at rostral regions of nuclei fastigii and interpositus. It was further shown that the monosynaptic inhibition from the anterior and posterior lobes occurs chiefly in the dorsal portion of Deiters nucleus. Since in both the cerebellum and Deiters nucleus the spatial pattern of distribution of the inhibitory fibers conforms to that of the corticovestibular fibers as histologically defined, the experimental findings are in accord with the hypothesis that the cerebellar Purkinje cells are inhibitory in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235698
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origin of cerebellar-induced inhibition of Deiters neurones I. Monosynaptic initiation of the inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 2 (1966), S. 330-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters neurones ; IPSP ; Monosynaptic ; Purkinje cells ; Inhibitory neurones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During stimulation of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum, postsynaptic potentials were recorded intracellularly from ipsilateral Deiters neurones of the cat. In the majority of examined cells, the inhibitory postsynapic potentials were induced with short latency; 1.06 msec on the average from lobule III or IV. The latency was longer (1.23 msec) when the lobule V was stimulated, while it was shorter (0.86 msec) from the juxtafastigial region. It follows that the IPSP was produced via a monosynaptic pathway at a conduction velocity of 15 to 20 m/sec. Recording of the extracellular field potentials and focal stimulation within and around Deiters' nucleus further indicated that the inhibitory impulses propagated out of the cerebellum along a remarkable bundle of fibres which terminated within Deiters' nucleus. These results are all explicable by assuming that the cerebellar Purkinje cells are inhibitory in nature and so produce IPSPs monosynaptically in Deiters neurones via the long corticofugal fibres. Monosynaptic EPSPs were also detected in some Deiters neurones. They are considered to be mediated by the other pathways formed of axon collaterals of the cerebellar afferents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234779
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postsynaptic influences on the vestibular non-deiters nuclei from primary vestibular nerve (1969)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 8 (1969), S. 190-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular ; EPSP ; IPSP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurones in the descending, medial and superior vestibular nuclei of the cats were explored with intracellular microelectrodes. Cerebellar- and spinal-projecting neurones were identified by their antidromic invasion from the region of fastigial nuclei and from the second cervical segment, respectively, and the others by their location. The central actions of the primary vestibular impulses upon these non-Deiters vestibular nuclei neurones were investigated by using electric stimulation of the ipsilateral vestibular nerve. Many of these cells received excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) monosynaptically, similar to those evoked in the ventral Deiters neurones, as described elsewhere, except that the unitary EPSPs are often larger. Some cells received only polysynaptic EPSPs or IPSPs and a few cells were not influenced at all.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234539
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellar control of the vestibulospinal tract cells in rabbit (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 18 (1973), S. 446-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Vestibular ; Spinocerebellar ; Purkinje ; Deiters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The organization of the cerebellar, vestibular and spinal inputs to the lateral and medial vestibulospinal tract (LVST and MVST) cells was studied in anaesthetized rabbits. Synaptic actions of these inputs were determined by recording postsynaptic potentials intracellularly and also unit spike discharges extracellularly from a number of LVST and MVST cells. As reported previously in cats, inhibition was evoked very frequently from the vermal cortex of the cerebellar anterior lobe and less frequently from that of the posterior lobe. However, no such inhibition was derived from the flocculus. The cerebellar inhibition was exerted upon both LVST and MVST cells, whether they received monosynaptic activation from the primary vestibular afferents (second-order) or not and whether they conducted impulses fast or slowly. However, the inhibition was frequently absent in “slow” “second-order” MVST cells. The vast majority of LVST and MVST cells received an excitatory input from the spinocerebellar afferents ascending the funiculus posterolateralis. This input was particularly prominent from the upper cervical cord. The spinal excitation thus obtained occurred in close connection with the cerebellar inhibition. Hence, it appears that the cerebellar vermis receives the spinal signals that drive LVST and MVST cells and in turn sends out inhibitory signals to adjust the reflex activity in these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234131
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric relaxations in linear aliphatic polyesters (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 15 (1977), S. 605-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Molecular motions in a series of linear aliphatic polyesters [poly(ethylene adipate), poly(ethylene sebacate), poly(hexamethylene sebacate), and poly(decamethylene 1,16-hexadecanedicarboxylate)] were studied by dielectric measurements. Two loss maxima were observed for each polymer in the temperature range from -196 to about 60°C and in the frequency range from 110 to 105 Hz. The loss maxima of these polyesters, lying between -17 and -38°C at 110 Hz (β-relaxation), are due to the micro-Brownian motions of amorphous main chains. It was found that these β-relaxations are well described by the WLF equation. The loss maxima in the range from -88 to -109°C at 110 Hz (γ-relaxation), are attributed both to local mode motions of main chains in the amorphous region and to motions of the polar groups involved at the chain ends. For the β-relaxation, no simple relation between the methylene sequence length and the loss peak temperature was found. Furthermore, as the methylene sequence length decreased, the effective dipole moment of the polyesters increased gradually. These facts were explained in terms of interchain dipole attraction.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.180150402
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between chemical structure and viscoelastic properties of linear aliphatic polyesters (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 16 (1978), S. 1435-1446 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effects of Chemical structure on the molecular motions in linear aliphatic polyesters have been investigated with a free-oscillation torsion pendulum. Broad-line NMR provided supplementary information. In the γ relaxation which corresponds to the local-mode motions of main chains in the noncrystalline region, the polyesters which are composed of two methylene units in the diol part of the chemical repeat unit showed an extremely asymmetric loss curve with a relatively high-loss peak temperature compared with that of the other polyesters. In addition to the two relaxations (β,γ) which have been observed in earlier dielectric measurements, a new relaxation (α) was found on the high-temperature side of the glass transition of the polyesters. The α relaxation was assigned to molecular motions of methylene segments in the crystalline region. The α and β relaxations of the two-dimensional series are situated close to the temperatures found for other polyesters with rather long methylene sequence in the chemical repeat unit. The results were explained in terms of a difference on the chain mobility in the noncrystalline regions which may be related to the difference of chemical structure of the polyesters.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1978.180160809
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