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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 15-19 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; N-balance studies ; Azolla ; Blue-green algae ; Chemical N fertilization ; Rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A nitrogen balance study conducted in ceramic pots under net house conditions for four seasons showed that flooded rice soil leaves a positive nitrogen balance (N increase) in soil after rice cropping in both fertilized and unfertilized soil. Recovery of nitrogen from rice soil was more than its input in unfertilized soil, but it was reverse in fertilized soil. Incorporation of Azolla or BGA twice as basal and 20 days after transplanting (DAT) alone or in combination showed higher nitrogen balance and N2-fixation (N gain) in soil than in that where it was applied once either as basal or 20 DAT. Planted soil showed more N2-fixation than that of fallow rice, and flooded soil fixed more nitrogen in comparison to non-flooded soil in light but less in dark. Soil exposed to light fixed more nitrogen than that of unexposed soil in both flooded and non-flooded conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Available N and P ; Azolla ; Blue-green algae ; Mineralization ; Organic manures ; Rice soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Pot incubation study with fresh Azolla (Azolla pinnata-India and Vietnam isolates,A. mexicana andA. filiculoides), blue-green algaAulosira sp., green manureSesbania cannabina, Azolla compost, farm yard manure and ammonium sulphate was conducted under flooded condition at CRRI, Cuttack keeping an equivalent amount of 25 ppm N through all the amendments where changes in availability of N and P, C∶N ratio and pH were recorded. Application of chemical N-fertilizer recorded a release of about 87% NH4 +−N at 10th day of flooding which gradually decreased and reached the minimum of 6% at 50 days. The C∶N ratio of the organic manures ranged between 9–10 favouring release of NH4 +−N and among theAzolla speciesA. pinnata isolates released NH4 +−N more efficiently thanA. filiculoides andA. mexicana. A. pinnata Indian isolate released maximum of 88% NH4 +−N, whereas Vietnam isolate recorded 77% at 40 days of flooding; green manure on the other hand, reached a maximum of 50% release at 50 days. The blue-green alga recorded a gradual increase and attained the maximum release of 38% at 40 days of flooding. Farmyard manure recorded a highest NH4 +−N release of 69% at 20 days of flooding and gradual decrease thereafter, whereas Azolla compost released 41% at 40 days of flooding. Soil amended with fresh organic matter achieved reduction upto a pH of 7.2 after 50 days of flooding, whereas the pH in Azolla compost and farmyard manure amendment was 〈7. The P availability increased from 20th day onwards and reached the highest values of 26 and 18 ppm in the fresh organic matter and compost amended soil respectively after 40–50 days of flooding. The cumulative release of available P was found superior in fresh Azolla incorporation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Azolla ; symbiont ; Anabaena azollae ; heterocyst ; acetylene reducing activity ; phosphorus ; fertilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seven species ofAzolla (A. caroliniana, A. microphylla, A. nilotica, A. filiculoides, A. mexicana, A. rubra, A. pinnata the last from both Malaysia and India) grown in pots of flooded soil were subjected to three different treatments with respect to P: none, single application, split application. The experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions. Heterocyst frequency inAnabaena azollae and acetylene reducing activity (ARA) were studied in successiveAzolla leaves. Both variables increased from the first leaf (shoot apex) to the last one (before branch) in all species in the presence or absence of P. However, heterocyst frequency, ARA andAzolla biomass were all less in the treatment lacking P. Heterocyst frequency inA. azollae, ARA and biomass ofAzolla were higher when P was applied in split doses than in the other treatments.Azolla plants exhibited more ARA than the isolated leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 129 (1996), S. 1093-1098 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Indium tris(thiobenzoate) ; Triethylammonium tetrakis(thiobenzoato)indate ; Tin, butyl-, tris(thiobenzoate) ; Tin, dichloro-, bis(thiobenzoate) ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Indium(III) and tin(IV) thiocarboxylates were prepared and characterized on the basis of their IR, 13C- and 19Sn-NMR data. Indium tris(thiobenzoate) (1) decomposes into a sulfido complex In (S)[S(O)CPh] (2a). The corresponding tris(thioacetate) In[S(O)CMe]3 is thermally too unstable to be isolated. The anionic tetrakis complex [Et3NH]{In[S(O)CPh]4} (3) was characterized by X-ray crystallography which revealed a distorted tetrahedral coordination at the In atom. X-ray diffraction analysis of the complexes BuSn[S(O)CPh]3 (4) and Cl2Sn[S(O)CPh]2 (7) showed distorted tetrahedral and cis-octahedral structures, respectively.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 332 (1964), S. 103-112 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Additionsverbindungen des SnCl4 mit N, N-Dimethylformamid, Acetamid, Acetanilid und Benzamid werden mitgeteilt. Neben der Analyse zeigen auch Donator-Acceptor-Titrationen in Dichloräthan die allgemeine Formel SnCl4 · 2 Amid. Leitfähigkeitsmessungen in Nitromethan und Molekulargewichtsbestimmungen lassen auf das Vorliegen von monomeren Additionsverbindungen schließen. Aus den IR-Spektren geht an Hand einer Erniedrigung der (C—O)- und einer Erhöhung der (C—N)-Valenzschwingung eine Bindung der organischen Liganden an das Zinn über Sauerstoff hervor. Die relativen Basenstärken nehmen in der Reihe Dimethylformamid, Benzamid, Acetanilid, Acetamid ab.
    Notes: The molecular addition compounds of tin (iv) chloride with N, N-dimethyl formamide, acetamide, acetanilide, and benzamide have been prepared. They are of the type SnCl4 · 2 amide. This composition type has been confirmed by indicator titrations of stannic chloride against amides in dichloroethane. Conductivity measurements in nitromethane and molecular weight determinations show that they are true molecular addition compounds being monomeric.The infrared spectra of the adducts show that there are metal-to-oxygen bonds in all these compounds as is evidenced by a negative shift of the carbonyl stretching frequency and a positive shift of the C—N stretching frequency. The relative donor ability of the amides towards stannic chloride has been found to be: dimethyl formamide 〉 benzamide 〉 acetanilide 〉 acetamide.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 423 (1976), S. 173-179 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchungen an MM″ (NCS)4-Komplexen (M = NiII, FeII, ZnII; M″ = HgII, ZnII)Komplexe des Typs MM′(NCS)4 · xL M = NiII, FeII, ZnII; M″ = HgII, ZnII; x = 2, 4, 6; L = Nicotinamid (nia), Isonicotinsaiurehydroxid (inh) 2-Aminopyrimidin (2apm)] wurden dargestellt und charakterisiert durch Elementaranalyse, molare Leitfähigkeit, magnetisches Moment, IR- und Elektronenspektren.
    Notes: Coordination complexes of the type MM″(NCS)4 · xL M = Ni(II), Fe(II), Zn(II), M″ = Hg(II), Zn(II), x = 2, 4, 6 and L = nicotinamide (nia), 3-cyanopyridine (3-cpy), 4-cyanopyridine (4cpy), 4-aminopyridine (4apy), isonicotinic acid hydrazide (inh), 2-aminopyrimidine (2apm)l have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moment, infrared and electronic spectral studies. Molar conductance data of NiZn(NCS), complexes are equivalent to 1:1 electrolyte. The infrared spectral studies indicate that only bridged thiocyanate groups are present in the complexes of the type NiHg(SCN)4 · 4L [L=3 and 4cpy, inh] and FeHg(SCN)4 · 2L [L = nia, 2apm], whereas both bridged and terminal thiocyanates are present in the complexes of the type NiHg(SCN)4 · 4L [L = nia, 3apy and ZnHg(SCN)4 · 2(inh). BOHR magneton values and electronic spectral data indicate an octahedral environment around nickel and iron in their complexes. Symmetry and group theory have also been used to establish the structure of the complexes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 349 (1967), S. 213-219 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Für die Hydrazin-Komplexe von Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) und Zn(II) werden Zusammensetzung und Bildungskonstanten nach der Methode von Rossotti und Rossotti ermittelt, wobei experimentell pH-Titrationen in Lösungen durchgeführt wurden, die Metall-perchlorat, Hydrazin-diperchlorat und Natriumperchlorat (Ionenstärke μ = 1, t = 30°C) enthalten. In entsprechender Weise wurden die Bildungskonstanten für die Protonisierung von Hydrazin bestimmt. Selbst bei den höchsten Verhältnissen: Gesamt-Hydrazin/Gesamt-Metall (etwa 60) haben die höchsten Komplexe nur bei Co(II) und Zn(II) das Verhältnis:Metall/Hydrazin = 1 : 2, während in allen anderen Fällen in Lösung nur 1 : 1-Komplexe zu existieren scheinen.Die Werte der Bildungskonstanten (30°C, μ = 1) siehe „Summary“.Die nach Bjerrum berechneten β1-Werte sind mit den gefundenen in recht guter Übereinstimmung mit Ausnahme für Co(II). Die Grenzen für die Bjerrum-Methode werden diskutiert.
    Notes: The compositions and formation-constants of the complexes formed by Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with hydrazine have been evaluated graphically following the method of Rossotti and Rossotti using the necessary data from the results of pH titration of solutions containing the metal perchlorate, hydrazinium diperchlorate and sodium perchlorate at an ionic strength of unity at 30°C. The values of the successive equilibrium constants for the protonation of hydrazine, which were also needed, have been evaluated separately by similar procedure. Even at the rather high ratio of ca. 60 of (total hydrazine)/(total metal) the highest complexes which appear to be formed in the systems investigated have the ratio of metal:hydrazine of 1:2 for Co(II) and Zn(II), while in all the other cases only 1: 1 complexes appear to exist in solution.The values of the formation-constants (at 30°C; μ = 1) obtained are: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\begin{array}{l} \log \beta _1 :{\rm Mn(II), 4}{\rm .76; Co(II), 1}{\rm .78; Ni(II),3}{\rm .18; Cu(II),6}{\rm .67;Zn(II), 3,69}{\rm.} \\ \log \beta _2 :{\rm Co(II), 3}{\rm .34; Zn(II), 6}{\rm .69}. \\ \end{array} $$\end{document}β1 values obtained from the Bjerrum relation are in fairly good agreement with those given above except for Co(II). The limitations of Bjerrum's method are discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 461 (1980), S. 222-230 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Quantitative „Softness“ Parameter und ihre Anwendung in der Strukturaufklärung von Bimetalltetracyanat-Komplexen〉2M(NCS)2M′(SCN)2〈 und [Ml6][M′(SCN)4], (M = COII und NiII; M′ = ZnII, CdII und HgII, L = Anilin, p-Toluidin, Pyridin, Nicotinamid, 2,2′-Bipyridin und 4-Aminopyridin) wurden dargestellt und charackterisiert. Die Strukturen werden auf Grund von Leitfähigkeits-, magnetischen und spektroskopischen (IR und VIS) Messungen, sowie durch gruppentheoretische Berechnungen und Ligandenfeldparametern vorgeschlagen. Diese Strukturvorschläge werden gestützt durch quantitative „Softness“ - Werte „\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm E}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +},{\rm E}_{\rm m}^{_{\rm +}^{\rm +}} $\end{document}“. Die totale „Softness“ von M und M′ und ihre Differenz \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \Delta {\rm TE}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({{\rm M} - {\rm M}'} \right) $\end{document} wurden abgeleitet (Gleichungen siehe Abstract) und mit der Struktur der Komplexe in Verbindung gebracht.
    Notes: 〉2M(NCS)2M′(SCN)2〈 and [ML6][M′(SCN)4], (M = Co(II) and Ni(II), M′ = Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) and L = aniline(ani), p-toluidine(tol), pyridine(py), nicotinamide(nia), 2,2′-bipyridine(bipy) and 4-aminopyridine (apy)) have been prepared and characterized. Their structure have been proposed on the basis of molar conductance, magnetic moment, group theoretical calculations, ligand field parameters, infrared and electronic spectral studies. The proposed structures have also been supported by quantitative values of softness „\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm E}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +},{\rm E}_{\rm m}^{_{\rm +}^{\rm +}} $\end{document}“,. Total softness of M and M′ and their difference \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \Delta {\rm TE}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({{\rm M} - {\rm M}'} \right) $\end{document} have also been derived by the following equations and related to the structure of the complexes. \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm TE}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({\rm M} \right) = {\rm E}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({\rm M} \right) + \sum {\rm E}_{\rm m}^{_ + ^ +} \left({\rm L} \right) + \sum {\rm E}_{\rm m}^{_ + ^ +} \left({{\rm NCS}} \right) $$\end{document} \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm TE}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({{\rm M}}^\prime \right) = {\rm E}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({{\rm M}}^\prime \right) + \sum {\rm E}_{\rm m}^{_ + ^ +} \left({\rm L} \right) + \sum {\rm E}_{\rm m}^{_ + ^ +} \left({{\rm SCN}} \right) $$\end{document} \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \Delta {\rm TE}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({{\rm M} - {\rm M}^\prime} \right) = \,|\,{\rm TE}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({\rm M} \right) - {\rm TE}_{\rm n}^{_ + ^ +} \left({{\rm M}}^\prime \right)$$\end{document}.
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