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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 3707-3727 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Selective Catalytic Oxidations, XXXVIIPlatinum Catalyses as Hydride Mechanism: Catalytic Oxidation of Nitrogen and Oxygen HeterocyclesThe reaction of model nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles with platinum catalyst and oxygen as dehydrogenating agent in liquid phase was investigated. Model compounds were piperidine (5), pyrrolidine (12), the piperidazines 16a, b, the cyclic ethers 19, 25, 31, 34, 40, and the cyclic acetals 44, 47, 50, 53, 56, 57, 59 and 60. The course and mechanism of the oxidations is discussed on the basis of product analyses. The experimental results are in agreement with a hydride transfer mechanism of the catalytic oxidation, platinum acting as a hydride abstractor. This has been substantiated by treating the dioxolane 60b with platinum and oxygen in the presence of BF3. It was possible to trap the ionic intermediate and to isolate the crystalline acetoxonium tetrafluoroborate 61b.
    Notes: Das Verhalten stickstoff- und sauerstoffhaltiger Heterocyclen bei der katalytischen Oxidation in flüssiger Phase mit Platin als Katalysator und Sauerstoff als Dehydrierungsmittel wurde an Modellsubstanzen untersucht. Als solche dienten Piperidin (5), Pyrrolidin (12), die Piperidazine 16a, b, ferner die cyclischen Äther 19, 25, 31, 34 sowie 40 und schließlich die cyclischen Acetale 44, 47, 50, 53, 56, 57, 59 sowie 60. An Hand der Produktanalyse der Oxidationsansätze wird der jeweilige Verlauf der Oxidation diskutiert und mechanistisch gedeutet. Die experimentellen Befunde lassen den Schluß zu, daß die katalytische Oxidation einem Hydridabspaltungsmechanismus folgt, wobei dem Platin die Funktion eines Hydridabstraktors zukommt. Dies konnte durch Behandlung des Dioxolans 60b mit Platin und Sauerstoff in Gegenwart von BF3 bestätigt werden. Es läßt sich die ionische Zwischenstufeabfangen und als kristallines Acetoxonium-tetrafluoroborat 61b isolieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 74 (1991), S. 1213-1220 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Treatment of methyl 2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)prop-2-enoates 1 with conc. HBr solution afforded methyl (Z)-2-(bromomethyl)alk-2-enoates 2, which were transformed regioselectively into N-substituted methyl (E)-2- (aminomethyl)alk-2-enoates 3 (SN2 reaction) and into N-substituted methyl 2-(1-aminoalkyl)prop-2-enoates 4(SN2′ reaction). Regiocontrol of nucleophilic attack by amine was accomplished simply by choice of solvent, the SN2 reaction occurring in MeCN and the SN2′ reaction in petroleum ether. Hydrolysis and lactamization afforded β-lactams 7 and 8, containing an exocyciic alkylidene and methylidene group at C(3), respectively.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 2678-2680 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions with Aziridines, 38. On the Regioselectivity of the Nucleophilic Ring Opening of Activated 2-PhenylaziridinesThe ring of 1-mesyl (1c) and 1-(phenylcarbamoyl)-2-phenylaziridine (1d) is opened between N and C-2 (benzylic effect) by some nucleophiles in high yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of New Oxygen Tripod Ligands of the Type [C5R5M{P(O)(OCH3)2}3]- via the Michaelis-Arbusov Reaction. Their Ligand Field Properties and their Coordination ChemistryThe synthesis of the dicationic tris(trialkylphosphite) complexes [C5H5Co{P(OC2H5)3}3]2+ (2a) and [C5H5Co{P(OCH3)3}3]2+ (2b) is described. 2b and [C5(CH3)5Rh{P(OCH3)3}3]2+ (5) react with iodide or cyanide in a sequence of three Michaelis-Arbusov reactions to give the title complexes L- = [C5R5M{P(O)(OCH3)2}3]-, R = CH3, H, M = Rh, Co (1b, 8), and 3 mol CH3I or CH3CN. The anionic complexes L- react as oxygen tripod ligands with metal ions Mn+ in aqueous solutions to form 2:1 complexes [ML2](n-2)+, Mn+ = Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Mg2+, Bi3+ (10a-e, i, 11a-e). In all cases the metal ions Mn+ can be postulated to be octahedrally coordinated by the 6 P = O oxygen atoms of the two ligands L-. The cyclopentadienyl complexes [(C5H5)3Ni2]+ and [C5H5Fe(CO)2H2O]+ react readily with L- to yield NiL2 (9b, 10b) and FeL2 (9f, 10f) whereas [{C5(CH3)5RhCl2}2] and [{arene RuCl2}2] form cationic dinuclear sandwich complexes of the type [(ring)M{P(O)R2}3M′(ring′)]+, ring = C5H5, C5(CH3)5, M = Co, Rh, R = OCH3, OC2H5, M′ = Rh, Ru, ring′ = C5(CH3)5, C6H6, p-cymene (e.g. 12, 13). (PPh3)2CuNo3 reacts with L- = [C5H5Co{P(O)(OC2H5)2}3] - to give the copper(I) complex LCuPPh3 (14). The electronic spectra of the 3d transition metal complexes ML2 indicate that the ligand field properties of L- = [C5R5M{P(O)R2′}3]-, R = H, CH3, M = Co, Rh, R′ = OCH3, OC2H5, are nearly independent of R, M, and R′. They are all weak and unexpectedly hard ligands. Their position in the nephelauxetic series in near DMSO and water. The ligand field strength is comparable to the one of fluoride.
    Notes: Die Synthese der zweifach positiv geladenen Tris(trialkylphosphit)-Komplexe [C5H5Co{P(OC2H5)3}3]2+ (2a) und [C5H5Co{P(OCH3)3}3]2+ (2b) wird beschrieben. 2b und [C5(CH3)5Rh{P(OCH3)3}3]2+ (5) reagieren mit Iodid und Cyanid in einer Sequenz von drei Michaelis-Arbusov-artigen Reaktionen zu den Titelkomplexen L- = [C5R5M{P(O)(OCH3)2}3]-, R = CH3, H, M = Rh, Co (1b, 8) unter Abspaltung von 3 mol CH3I bzw. CH3CN. Die anionischen Komplexe L- verhalten sich gegenüber Metall-Ionen Mn+ in wäßriger Lösung wie Sauerstoff-Tripodliganden. Es entstehen 2:1-Komplexe [ML2](n-2)+, Mn+ = Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Mg2+, Bi3+ (10a-e,i,11a-e). Die spektroskopischen Daten sprechen in allen Fällen für eine oktaedrische Koordination des Metall-Ions Mn+ durch die 6 P=O-Sauerstoffatome der beiden Liganden L-. Die Cyclopentadienyl-Komplexe [(C5H5)3Ni2]+ reagieren mit L- rasch zu NiL2 (9b, 10b) bzw. FeL2 (9f, 10f). Im Gegensatz dazu führt die Umsetzung von L- mit [{C5(CH3)5RhCl2}2] und [{Aromat)RuCl2}2] zu kationischen zweikernigen Sandwich-Komplexen des Typs [(Ring)M{P(O)R2}3M′(Ring′)]+, Ring = C5H5, C5(CH3)5, M = Co, Rh, R = OCH3, OC2H5, M′ = Rh, Ru, Ring′ = C5(CH3)5, C6H6, p-Cymol (z. B. 12, 13). L- = [C5H5Co{P(O)(OC2H5)2}3]- ergibt mit (PPh3)2CuNO3 den Kupfer(I)-Komplex LCuPPh3 (14). Die Elektronenspektren der 3d-Übergangsmetallkomplexe ML2 zeigen, daß die ligandfeldspektroskopischen Eigenschaften von L- = [C5R5M{P(O)R′2}3]-, R = H, CH3, M = Co, Rh, R′ = OCH3, OC2H5, praktisch unabhängig von R, M und R′ sind. Es sind alles schwache und unerwartet harte Liganden. Sie stehen in der nephelauxetischen Reihe bei DMSO und Wasser. Ihre Ligandfeldstärke entspricht etwa der des Fluorid-Ions.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions with Aziridines,421). - The Regioselectivity of the Ring Opening of Activated 2,2-Dimethyhlaziridines by Carbanions of the Dicarbonyl Type. Influence of the Size of the NucleophileThe aziridine ring of the 1-acyl-2,2-dimethylaziridines 1a-c is cleaved abnormally (between N and CMe2) by the substituted ethyl cyanoacetates 3M,P (M=methyl, P=phenyl) in ethanolic ethoxide solution, while the ring is not cleaved by diethyl malonate (2H). Under the same conditions, 2,2-dimethyl-1-tosylaziridine (1d) is opened by malononitrile (4H), ethyl cyanoacetate (3H) 3M, and 2H in a predominant of exclusive normal manner (between N and CH2) with the relative portion of abnormal opening decreasing in the sequence 4H〉3H〉3M〉2H. The latter finding is rationalized by an influence of the size of the nucleophile (the respective carbanion) on an SN2 attack at the (“widened”) tert. C atom of 1d. A dominating abnormal opening of 1d (0% “normal products” from a 44% material balance of products) was observed with the largest anion (of 3P) of the series, pointing to a change in mechanism, presumable to SET. 1-Acyl-2-phenylaziridine 21 was opened at the benzylic C by the anion of 3P yielding the stereochemically uniform product 22.
    Notes: Die 1-Acyl-2,2-dimethylaziridine 1a-c werden durch die substituierten Ethyl-cyanacetate 3M,P (M=Methyl, P=Phenyl) in Ethanolat-Lösung anomal (zwischen N und CMe2) geöffnet, während Diethylmalonat (2H) den Aziridinring nicht öffnet. Unter gleichen Bedingungen wird 2,2-Dimethyl-1-tosylaziridin (1d) durch Malononitril (4H), Ethyl-cyanacetat (3H), durch 3M und 2H überwiegend bis ausschließlich normal geöffnet. Dabei nimmt der relative Anteil der anomalen Öffnung in der Reihenfolge 4H〉3H〉3M〉2H ab, was mit dem Einfluß der Größe des Nucleophils (jeweiliges Carbanion) auf einen SN2-Angriff am (“aufgeweiteten”) tert. C-Atom von 1d erklärt wird. Die mit dem größten Anion (von 3P) der Reihe beobachtete Dominanz der anomalen Öffnung von 1d (0% “normale Produkte” bei einer Bilanz von 44%) deutet auf einen Wechsel im Reaktionsmechanismus hin, vermutlich zu SET. 1-Acyl-2-phenylaziridin 21 wurde durch das Anion von 3P am Benzyl-C zum stereochemisch einheitlichen Produkt 22 geöffnet.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 51-62 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemistry of Aminoketones. VIII. Diastereoselective Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-prolinesGlycine esters react in two steps (aminoalkylation and N-acylation) to N-acyl-N-(β-benzoylethyl)-glycine ester 3. In less polar solvents these ketonic compounds are n,π*-excited by 300 nm irradiation. In ether 3* yield mixtures of aminocyclopropanoles 4, hydroxyprolines 5 and products of additions and cleavages. In benzene and cyclohexane/benzene, respectively, the regioselective photocyclization to 5 is favoured. Furthermore this hydroxyproline synthesis has the advantages of high diastereoselectivity yielding the (2,3) E-5 and of high overall-yields in connection with the one pot method. The influence of solvents and substituents on the regio- and diastereoselectivity are explained using a model with stabilization of special conformations of intermediates by dipol-dipol interactions.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Cyclopropyl homoconjugation ; Molecular structures ; Electron density determinations ; Ab initio calculations ; Spiro compounds ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Low-temperature crystal structural studies of a series of saturated and unsaturated bicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene, heptene and heptane compounds with 7-spirocyclopropyl substitution reveal significant differences in the bond lengths of the three-membered rings and in the C—C single bonds of the bicyclic fragment. A complex interplay of strain and different types of conjugation influence the molecular structure of the bicycloheptadiene derivative 1, where the difference in the length of the three-membered ring bonds is 0.040 Å and all C—C single bonds in the bicyclic fragment are lengthened significantly. Ab initio calculations at the HF/6-31G(d) (to a minor extent) and MP2/6-31G(d) levels are in good agreement with the experimental data. Calculated charge distributions and dipole moments further support the relevance of cyclopropyl homoconjugation in the investigated prototype of Walsh and through-space π-orbital interaction. Static difference electron density maps have been derived from the experimental data by multipole refinements which showed exocyclic shifts of electron density in the planes of the three-membered rings and significant bond ellipticities at the C—C single bonds in the unsaturated bicyclic units.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 124 (1930), S. 133-143 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 129 (1931), S. 163-177 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 244 (1940), S. 168-183 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von Silberwolframat mit Salzsäure gewonnene wäßrige Lösungen von Wolframsäure werden konduktometrisch und potentiometrisch mit Natronlauge titriert. Aus diesen Titrationen geht hervor, daß die Ionen der primär in Lösung gehenden Monowolframsäure als solche nicht beständig sind und miteinander unter Bildung einer Isopolysäure reagieren.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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