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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the bioavailability of nitroglycerin from a transdermal therapeutic system (Nitroderm TTS) (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nitroglycerin ; plasma concentration ; transdermal administration ; bioavailability ; pharmacodynamics ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 6 healthy volunteers, intravenous infusions of nitroglycerin 4.8 and 10.6 µg/min yielded mean steady-state plasma concentrations of 0.5±0.02 and 0.82±0.04 ng/ml as determined by a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method. The plasma concentrations reached in the same subjects 17 h after application of Nitroderm TTS 5 and 10 with in vivo release rates of 3.7 and 5.7 µg/min were 0.28±0.01 and 0.37±0.01 ng/ml, respectively. Thus, 75% of the quantity of nitroglycerin released by the systems passed into the circulation. The inter-individual and intra-individual variations in plasma concentrations were similar for both modes of administration. The nitroglycerin-induced morphological changes in the fingerpulse wave were clearly dose-dependent, but it seems that this pharmacodynamic parameter is determined less by the plasma concentration than by the nitroglycerin content of the vascular wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02395198
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the bioavailability of nitroglycerin from a transdermal therapeutic system (Nitroderm TTS) (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nitroglycerin ; plasma concentration ; transdermal administration ; bioavailability ; pharmacodynamics ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 6 healthy volunteers, intravenous infusions of nitroglycerin 4.8 and 10.6 µg/min yielded mean steady-state plasma concentrations of 0.5±0.02 and 0.82±0.04 ng/ml as determined by a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method. The plasma concentrations reached in the same subjects 17 h after application of Nitroderm TTS 5 and 10 with in vivo release rates of 3.7 and 5.7 µg/min were 0.28±0.01 and 0.37±0.01 ng/ml, respectively. Thus, 75% of the quantity of nitroglycerin released by the systems passed into the circulation. The inter-individual and intra-individual variations in plasma concentrations were similar for both modes of administration. The nitroglycerin-induced morphological changes in the fingerpulse wave were clearly dose-dependent, but it seems that this pharmacodynamic parameter is determined less by the plasma concentration than by the nitroglycerin content of the vascular wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553146
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human pharmacological studies of a new transdermal system containing nitroglycerin (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 473-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nitroglycerin ; transdermal system ; transdermal absorption ; plasma concentration ; haemodynamic effects ; tolerability ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) for the administration of nitroglycerin (NTG) was tested in human pharmacological studies in 26 healthy volunteers. Plasma concentrations and haemodynamic responses were determined after the application of the system in different dosages. The concentrations of NTG reached in the plasma were uniform and dose-related, i.e. dependent on the drug-release area, and showed only minor inter-individual variation. They remained almost constant as long as the system was in contact with the skin. Renewal of the system caused no appreciable change in the plasma concentration. The haemodynamic effects, like those of all nitrates, were not clearly related to the dose administered, and were not always dependent on the plasma concentration. Upon repeated application, NTG-TTS was well tolerated locally and systemically and led to no alteration in blood chemistry or haematological parameters. The typical nitrate headaches disappeared after a few days. The presence of the system on the skin caused no discomfort or inconvenience.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609617
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Struktur platinreicher Aluminium-Platin-Legierungen (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 623 (1997), S. 362-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Aluminium/platinum alloys ; crystal structure ; phase transitions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Structure of Platinum-rich Aluminium/Platinum AlloysPlatinum-rich aluminium/platinum alloys have been synthesised via a coupled reaction between aluminium oxide and platinum in a stream of hydrogen at temperatures in the region of 1200°C. The phase richest in aluminium that was prepared was the alloy Al1.16Pt2.84 which crystallises in the AuCu3 structure type. In accordance with the composition, the platinum sites are statistically occupied to a slight extent by aluminium atoms. In a phase somewhat poorer in aluminium (Al1.05Pt2.95), the edge-sharing octahedra consisting almost exclusively of platinum atoms are twisted with respect to each other. The severity of the limited tetragonal distortion which results increases with further decrease in the aluminium content in the phase. A two phase region exists between the limiting composition of this phase and that of the aluminium-poor Pt/Al mixed crystal possessing a statistical atom distribution.By heating the alloys with the slight tetragonal distortion, a second order phase transition into the cubic phase occurs whilst the alloys with a stronger tetragonal distortion undergo a corresponding phase transition which is first order. This result conforms with the idea that, in the former case, the distortion of the platinum octahedra is progressively relieved while in the second case this event results discontinously. Consequently, both the tetragonal and the cubic phase are observed simultaneously in a distinct temperature region.
    Notes: Über eine gekoppelte Reaktion konnten aus Aluminiumoxid und Platin im Wasserstoffstrom bei Temperaturen um 1200°C platinreiche Aluminium-Platin-Legierungen synthetisiert werden.Als aluminiumreichste Phase wurde die im AuCu3-Typ kristallisierende Legierung- Al1,16Pt2,84 erhalten. Entsprechend der Zusammensetzung sind Platinatomlagen zu einem geringen Anteil statistisch durch Aluminiumatome belegt. In einer etwas aluminiumärmeren Phase (Al1,05Pt2,95) sind die fast ausschließlich durch Platinatome gebildeten eckenverknüpften Oktaeder gegeneinander verdreht. Die dadurch be dingte tetragonale Verzerrung nimmt mit weiter sinkendem Aluminiumgehali zu. Zwischen der Grenzzusammensetzung dieser Phase und einem aluminiumarmen Pt-Al-Mischkristall mit statistischer Atomverteilung liegt ein Zweiphasen gebiet.Beim Aufheizen gehen Legierungen mit geringer tetragonaler Verzerrung in einem Reaktionsablauf zweiter Ordnung in die kubische Phase über, bei Legierungen mit stärkerer tetragonaler Verzerrung verläuft eine entsprechende Phasenumwandlung nach der ersten Ordnung ab. Dieses Verhalten entspricht der Vorstellung, daß im ersten Fall die Verdrehung der Platinoktaeder kontinuierlich mit steigender Temperatur aufgehoben wird, wogegen im zweiten Fall dieser Vorgang diskontinuierlich erfolgt und deshalb in einem gewissen Temperaturbereich die tetragonale und die kubische Phase nebeneinander beobachtet werden.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19976230158
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Struktur und magnetische Eigenschaften von Cs2Mn3S4 und Cs2Co3S4Professor Albrecht Rabenau zum 65. Geburtstage am 17. November 1987 gewidmet (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 559 (1988), S. 95-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Structure and Magnetic Properties of Cs2Mn3S4 and Cs2Co3S4The atomic arrangements of the isotypic compounds Cs2Mn3S4 and Cs2Co3S4 were determined by X-ray investigations on single crystals (space group Ibam, Z = 4). To interprete the magnetic properties of Cs2Mn3S4 mixed crystals of the series Cs2(MnxZn1-x)3S4 have been examined. Additionally neutron diffraction experiments were carried out and yielded the spin structures of Cs2Mn3S4 and Cs2Co3S4 (Shubnikov space group Ibam'). The deviations of the magnetic moments from those expected for high-spin d5 ions are explained by means of crystal field calculations.
    Notes: Der Aufbau der isotypen Verbindungen Cs2Mn3S4 und Cs2Co3S4 wurde an Einkristallen bestimmt (Raumgruppe Ibam, Z = 4). Zur Deutung der magnetischen Eigenschaften des Cs2Mn3S4 wurde die Mischkristallreihe Cs2(MnxZn1-x)3S4 untersucht. Neutronenbeugungsuntersuchungen ermöglichten darüber hinaus die Bestimmung der - antiferromagnetischen - Spinstrukturen von Cs2Mn3S4 und Cs2Co3S4 (Shubnikov-Raumgruppe Ibam'). Die Abweichungen der gemessenen magnetischen Momente von den zu erwartenden High-Spin-Werten lassen sich mit Kristallfeldberechnungen in Einklang bringen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19885590109
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetische Wechselwirkungen in Inselstrukturen ternärer Cobaltchalkogenide. Die Spinstrukturen von Na6CoS4 und Na6CoSe4Professor Hans-Uwe Schuster in memoriam (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 412-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Alkali transition metal chalcogenides ; magnetic structures ; neutron diffraction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Magnetic Interactions in Ternary Cobalt Chalcogenides containing Isolated Tetrahedral Cobalt Anionic Groups. The Spin Structures of Na6CoS4 and Na6CoSe4The sodium cobalt chalcogenides Na6CoS4 and Na6CoSe4 are characterized by isolated [CoX4]-units. Despite the large distances of more than 6 Å between the cobalt ions magnetic inter-actions at low temperatures lead to threedimensionally ordered spin structures, that were determined from neutron diffraction experiments. The magnetic structure can be described in the Shubnicov group P2abc21 with a unit cell that is four times as large as the crystallographic cell. The magnetic moments of both compounds correspond to the value expected for three unpaired electrons per Co2+ ion.
    Notes: Die Natriumcobaltchalkogenide Na6CoS4 und Na6CoSe4 sind durch isolierte [CoX4]-Einheiten charakterisiert. Trotz der großen Abstände der magnetischen Zentren von über 6Å führen bei tiefen Temperaturen magnetische Wechselwirkungen zu dreidimensional geordneten Spinstrukturen, die über Neutronenbeugungsuntersuchungen aufgeklärt werden konnten. Die magnetische Struktur läßt sich in der Shubnikov-Raumgruppe P2abc21 mit einer Elementarzelle beschreiben, die gegenüber der kristallographischen das vierfache Volumen besitzt. Die Größe der magnetischen Momente entspricht dem für Co2+ zu erwartenden Wert von drei ungepaarten Elektronen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19956210313
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkalimanganselenide und -telluride A2Mn3X4 - Synthese, Kristall- und SpinstrukturProfessor Gerhard Thiele zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Alkali metal manganese selenides ; alkali metal manganese tellurides ; crystal structure ; spin structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Alkali Metal Manganese Selenides and Tellurides - Synthesis, Crystal and Spin StructuresThe compounds Rb2Mn3Se4, Cs2Mn3Se4, Rb2Mn3Te4 and Cs2Mn3Te4 were synthesized by the reaction of alkali metal carbonates with chalcogen and Mn or MnCO3 in a stream of hydrogen charged with chalcogen.Structural investigations show that all compounds crystallize in isotypic atomic arrangements (Cs2Mn3S4-type, space group Ibam, Z = 4). Additionally neutron diffraction experiments were carried out and yielded the spin structures of Rb2Mn3Se4 and Cs2Mn3Se4 (Shubnikov space group Ibam').The structural related selenides ALiMnSe2 and ALiZnSe2 (A = K, Rb or Cs) were synthesized by analogous reactions. All these compounds are isotypic and crystallize in the BaZn2P2-structure type.
    Notes: Die Verbindungen Rb2Mn3Se4, Cs2Mn3Se4, Rb2Mn3Te4 und Cs2Mn3Te4 wurden durch Umsetzungen von Alkalimetallcarbonaten mit Mangan oder Mangancarbonat und Chalkogen in einem mit Chalkogen beladenen Wasserstoffstrom erhalten.Kristallstrukturuntersuchungen ergaben, daß alle Verbindungen isotyp kristallisieren (Cs2Mn3S4-Typ, Raumgruppe Ibam, Z = 4). Neutronenbeugungsuntersuchungen ermöglichten darüber hinaus die Bestimmung der antiferromagnetischen Spinstrukturen von Rb2Mn3Se4 und Cs2Mn3Se4 (Shubnikov-Raumgruppe Ibam').Die strukturverwandten Selenide ALiMnSe2 und ALiZnSe2 mit A = K, Rb oder Cs wurden über analoge Umsetzungen synthetisiert. Sie kristallisieren alle im BaZn2P2-Typ.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19966220218
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Kristallstruktur von Bariumhydrid, ermittelt über Neutronenbeugungsexperimente an BaD2 (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 545 (1987), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structure of Barium Hydride, Determined by Neutron Diffraction Experiments on BaD2A reinvestigation of the structure of BaH2 and BaD2 was performed on powdered samples by X-ray- and neutron diffraction experiments. It is shown, that the hydrogen positions correspond with those in calcium deuteride [1, 2] and not with those proposed by Zintl and Harder [3]. The classification of Barium hydride in the PbCl2 structure type is discussed.
    Notes: Über Röntgen- und Neutronenbeugungsexperimente an pulverförmigen Proben wurde die Kristallstruktur von BaH2 bzw. BaD2 neu bestimmt. Sie entspricht der des Calciumdeuterids [1, 2] und zeigt, daß die seinerzeit von Zintl und Harder [3] angenommenen Wasserstoffpositionen nicht zutreffen. Die Einordnung des Bariumhydrids in die Strukturfamilie des Bleichloridtyps wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19875450208
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nickel(O)-Komplexe mit anionischen Liganden des Typs E(C6H5)3- (E = Si, Ge, Sn) (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 442 (1978), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nickel(O) Complexes with the Anionic Ligands E (C6H5)-3 (E = Si, Ge, Sn)Complexes of the type MeIXNi(EPH3)X(THF)Y are formed from Ni(COD)2 by substitution with MeIEPh3 (E = Si, Ge, Sn) in THF (COD = Cyclooctadiene-1,5). In the case of the ligands GePh-3 and SnPh-3 nickel(O) is fourfold coordinated, but in the case of SiPh-3 it is only two-fold or threefold coordinated. Products of the reaction between Ni(COD)2 and LiPbPh3 are Li2Ni(COD)Ph2(THF)5 and Ph3PbPbPh3.The 1H-n.m.r., 29Si-n.m.r., and 119Sn-Mössbauer spectra of the complexes MeIXNi(EPh3)X(THF)Y are compared with the spectra of the corresponding alkali compounds MeIEPh3. The magnetic anisotropy effects of the atomes Ge, Sn, Pb and Ni are of high importance for 1H- and 29Si-chemical shifts. The donor action of SnPh-3 is shown by the Mössbauer spectrum of Na4Ni(SnPh3)4(THF)4. But there is no direct evidence of π-back donation in the compound.
    Notes: Ni(COD)2 reagiert in THF mit Verbindungen des Typs MeIEPh3 (E = Si, Ge, Sn) unter Substitution zu den Elementenkomplexen MeIXNi(EPh3)X (THF)Y. Im Falle der Ligan-den GePh-3 und SnPh-3 wird eine Viererkoordination, bei SiPh-3 dagegen nur eine Dreier- bzw. Zweierkoordination erreicht. Im Zuge der Umsetzung von Ni(COD)2 mit LiPbPh3 entsteht Hexaphenyldiplumban und Li2Ni(COD)Ph2(THF)5 (COD = Cyclooctadien-1,5)Die 1H-NMR-, 29Si-NMR- und 119Sn-Mössbauerspektren der Komplexe MeIXNi(EPh3)X(THF)Y werden mit denen der Alkaliverbindungen MeIEPh3 verglichen. Für die Größe der chemischen Verschiebungen sind magnetische Anisotropieeffekte der Atome Ge, Sn, Pb und Ni von erstrangiger Bedeutung. Das 119Sn-Mössbauerspektrum von Na4Ni(SnPh3)4(THF)4 läßt den n-Donatorcharakter der Liganden SnPh-3 erkennen. Für eine π-Rückgabebindung zwischen dem Zentralatom und diesen Liganden kann kein Nachweis erbracht werden.
    Additional Material: 12 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19784420102
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Charakterisierung der magnetischen Eigenschaften von NaMnP, NaMnAs, NaMnSb, NaMnBi, LiMnAs und KMnAs über NeutronenbeugungsexperimenteProfessor Marianne Baudler zum 65. Geburtstage am 27. April 1986 gewidmet (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 539 (1986), S. 175-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Magnetic Properties of NaMnP, NaMnAs, NaMnSb, NaMnBi, LiMnAs, and KMnAs, Characterized by Neutron Diffraction ExperimentsNeutron diffraction experiments led to the determination of the antiferromagnetic spin structures of NaMnP, NaMnAs, NaMnSb, NaMnBi, LiMnAs and KMnAs. For the sodium compounds an arrangement was found that can be described in the crystallographic cell; in the case of LiMnAs and KMnAs the c-axes have to be doubled. The Shubnikov-groups are P4/n′m′m′ and P4/n′cc, respectively. The values determined for the magnetic moments can be correlated with the crystal field splittings in the AMnX-structures.
    Notes: Neutronenbeugungsexperimente führten zur Bestimmung antiferromagnetischer Momentanordnungen der Verbindungen NaMnP, NaMnAs, NaMnSb, NaMnBi, LiMnAs und KMnAs. Für die Natriumverbindungen wurde eine Anordnung gefunden, die sich in der kristallographischen Elementarzelle beschreiben läßt, für LiMnAs und KMnAs ergibt sich eine Verdoppelung der c-Achse. Die Shubnikov-Gruppen sind P4/n′m′m′ bzw. P4/n′ce. Die gefundenen Werte für die magnetischen Momente der Manganatome lassen sich mit Kristallfeldgrößen der AMnX-Strukturen korrelieren.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19865390816
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