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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerical algorithms 19 (1998), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Keywords: Lagrange's equations of motion ; viscoelasticity ; semi-explicit methods ; 92C10
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper a mathematical model is developed for the dynamical behaviour of a hydrostatic skeleton. The basic configuration is taken from the worm-like shape of the medicinal leech. It consists of a sequence of hexahedra with damped elastic springs as edges to model the various parts of the musculature. The system is stabilized by the constraint of constant volume either in the whole body or in prescribed compartments. We set up Lagrange's equations of motion with the Lagrange multipliers being the pressure values in the compartments. The equations of motion lead to a large differential-algebraic system which is solved by an application of semi-explicit numerical methods. Though the model has not yet been adapted to experimental data, first simulations with a simplified set of parameters show that it is capable of generating basic movements of the leech such as crawling and swimming.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 1575-1579 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermal Rearrangement of cis- and trans-1-tert-Butyl-2-vinylphosphiranetrans-1-tert-Butyl-2-vinylphosphirane (2) isomerizes to 1-tert-butyl-3-phospholene (3) at 150°C. Thermolytic cleavage of cis-1-tert-butyl-2-vinylphosphirane (1) also yields 3 via 2. The kinetic data indicate that the rearrangement from 1 to 3 proceeds by two sequential first order reactions.
    Notes: trans-1-tert-Butyl-2-vinylphosphiran (2) lagert sich bei 150°C in 1-tert-Butyl-3-phospholen (3) um. Die Thermolyse der cis-Verbindung 1 führt über 2 ebenfalls zu 3. Die kinetischen Daten belegen, daß eine Reaktionsfolge mit 2 Schritten jeweils nach 1. Ordnung vorliegt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 97-106 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Magnesium-Cyclooctatetraene with Dichlorophosphanes: Characterization and RearrangementsThe reaction of magnesium-cyclooctatetraene (MgCOT) with dichlorophosphanes RPCl2 (R = tert-butyl, cyclohexyl, menthyl) yields 9-phosphabicyclo[6.1.0]nonatrienes 1b-d, which thermally rearrange to syn-9-phosphabicyclo[4.2.1]nonatrienes 2b-d. However, 1b and c also rearrange via electrocyclic ring opening and intramolecular [4 + 2] cyclization to trans-dihydrophosphindoles 3b and c. The rearrangement of 1 in the presence of Ni0 catalysts or photochemically was found to give the corresponding epimeric products 4 of the thermally induced process. With RPCl2 (R = OR, NR2) and MgCOT, the syn-9-phosphabicyclo[4.2.1]nonatrienes 2e, f are obtained directly.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von Magnesium-Cyclooctatetraen (MgCOT) mit Dichlorphosphanen RPCl2 (R = tert-Butyl, Cyclohexyl, Menthyl) liefert 9-Phosphabicyclo[6.1.0]nonatriene 1b-d, die thermisch zu syn-9-Phosphabicyclo[4.2.1]nonatrienen 2b-d umlagern. Zusätzlich lagern 1b und c nach elektrocyclischer Ringöffnung und intramolekularer [4 + 2]-Addition zu trans-Dihydrophosphindolen 3b und c um. In Gegenwart von Ni0-Verbindungen oder photochemisch lagern die Verbindungen 1 zu den zu 2 epimeren anti-Verbindungen 4 um. Mit RPCl2 (R = OR, NR2) und MgCOT erhält man die syn-9-Phosphabicyclo[4.2.1]nonatriene 2e und f unmittelbar.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 2328-2336 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Asymmetric Synthesis of 2-Organo-1,3,2-oxazaphospholidinesAchiral organophosphonous diamides RP(NMe2)2 react with chiral amino alcohols such as L-ephedrine and L-prolinol to form methyl- and phenyl-substituted mono- (2, 3) and bicyclic 1,3,2-oxazaphospholidines (6 - 8) in good yields. Organophosphonous dichlorides allow the synthesis of oxazaphospholidines only for R = tert-butyl (4, 5). The diastereomeric excess of the ephedrine and prolinol derivatives ranges from 80% (R = methyl) to 95% d.e. (R = tert-butyl). The bis-1,3,2-oxazaphospholidine 8, made from two mols of prolinol and one mol of 1,2-ethanediylbis[bis(dimethylamino)phosphane], is virtually diastereomerically pure according to the NMR spectrum. Analysis of the 13C-31P and 1H-31P coupling constants affords the structural assignment of the ephedrine derivatives as (2S,4S,5R) and the prolinol derivatives as (2R,5S).
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von achiralen Phosphonigsäurediamiden RP(NMe2)2 mit chiralen Aminoalkoholen wie L-Ephedrin und L-Prolinol werden die entsprechenden methyl- und phenylsubstituierten mono- (2, 3) bzw. bicyclischen 1,3,2-Oxazaphospholidine (6 - 8) in guten Ausbeuten erhalten. Dagegen lassen sich Oxazaphospholidine unter Verwendung von Phosphonigsäuredichloriden nur für R = tert-Butyl (4, 5) herstellen. Die Diastereomerenreinheit der Ephedrin-und der Prolinol-Derivate beträgt zwischen 80% für R = Methyl und 95% d.e. für R = tert-Butyl. Für das Bis-1,3,2-oxazaphospholidin 8 aus 2 Molekülen Prolinol und 1 Molekül 1,2-Ethandiylbis-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphan] läßt sich NMR-spektroskopisch kein weiteres Diastereomeres mehr nachweisen. Durch Analyse der 13C-31P- und 1H-31P-Kopplungskonstanten wird den Ephedrin-Derivaten die (2S,4S,5R)- und den Prolinol-Derivaten die (2R,5S)-Konfiguration zugeordnet.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 3293-3300 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 2-Vinylphosphiranes: Synthesis and RearrangementsA straight-forward route to vinyl substituted phosphiranes is described in which organodichlorophosphanes with bulky groups such as tert-butyl (1), cyclohexyl (2), and menthyl (3) are reacted with magnesium-butadiene. The yields range from 36 to 58%. The structural assignement of the major isomer formed as cis follows unambigously from a study of the 13C, 31P NMR and 1H, 31P NMR coupling constants; however, the phenyl derivative, which is obtained only in 7% yield, is the trans-isomer. Diisobutylaluminium hydride adds smoothly to 1 to give (after hydrolysis) 1-tert-butyl-2-ethylphosphirane (5). Phosphirane 1 isomerizes photochemically and in the presence of Ni0 or Pd0 complexes catalytically to give the corresponding phospholene 6; similar behaviour is observed for the other phosphiranes 2, 3 and 4. Reaction of dichloro(diethylamino)-phosphane with magnesium-butadiene gives phospholene 10 directly.
    Notes: Aus Organodichlorphosphanen mit sperrigen Resten am Phosphoratom wie tert-Butyl, Cyclohexyl sowie Menthyl und Magnesium-Butadien erhält man die 2-Vinylphosphirane 1, 2 und 3 mit 36-58% Ausbeute, das entsprechende 1-Phenylderivat nur zu 7%. Aufgrund der 13C, 31P-NMR-bzw. der 1H, 31P-NMR-Kopplungskonstanten werden die bei dieser Reaktion überwiegend gebildeten Diastereomeren als cis-Isomere identifiziert, das Phenylderivat 4 dagegen als trans-Isomeres. Durch Anlagerung von Diisobutylaluminiumhydrid und anschließende Hydrolyse erhält man aus 1 1-tert-Butyl-2-ethylphosphiran (5). Photochemisch sowie durch Ni0- oder Pd0-Komplexe katalysiert isomerisieren die Verbindungen zu den Phospholenen 6-9. Aus Dichlor(dietylamino)phosphan erhält man unter gleichen Bedingungen direkt das Aminophospholen 10.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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