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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2213-2218 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Conformational analysis ; Electron diffraction ; Organosilanes ; Silane, tetra(isopropyl)- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Darstellung und Molekülstruktur von Tetra(isopropyl)silan1Tetra(isopropyl)silan wurde nach Literaturvorschriften hergestellt, deren einzelne Stufen aber durch veränderte Reaktionsbedingungen verbessert werden konnten. Das Schlüsselreagens 2-Lithiopropen wurde ausgehend von 1-Methacrylsäure über 1,3-Dibrom-1-methylpropionsäure und 2-Brompropen durch Metallierung des letzteren mit ultraschallaktiviertem Lithium erhalten. Die Lösungen enthalten noch Mono- und Dilithiopropin, wie durch Silylierung mit Chlortrimethylsilan bestätigt werden konnte. Mit SiCl4 entsteht Tetra(isopropenyl)silan, das nach Reinigung katalytisch zur Titelverbindung hydriert werden kann.  -  Die Molekülstruktur von [CH3)2CH]4Si in der Gasphase wurde durch Elektronenbeugung bestimmt. Eine Verfeinerung der Parameter war mit einem Modell der Punktgruppe S4 erfolgreich. Die Bindungslängen Si—C, C—C und C—H zeigen ebenso wie die Winkel Si—C—C und C—C—H die Beengung der vier Substituenten an. Die sterische Spannung wird durch Herausdrehen der Methylgruppen und der Isopropylgruppen aus den jeweiligen gestaffelten Konformationen sowie durch Aufweitung zweier C—Si—C-Winkel vermindert. Die vier restlichen C—Si—C-Winkel sind entsprechend kleiner als der Tetraederwinkel. Die Gesamtstruktur unterscheidet sich in den Drehwinkeln C—Si—C—H deutlich von der des Tetra(isopropyl)phosphonium-Kations in [(CH3)2CH]4P+ [B(C6H5)4]-, die viel größere Winkel C—P—C—H aufweist. Sie ist aber den Strukturen des Tetra-(cyclohexyl)silans und sogar des Tri(isopropyl)phosphonium-isopropylids sehr ähnlich, in dem die pyramidale Konfiguration am ylidischen C-Atom zu einer pseudo-homoleptischen Ligandenanordnung führt.
    Notes: Tetra(isopropyl)silane has been prepared using literature methods, with the individual steps improved by changes in some of the experimental conditions. The key reagent 2-lithiopropene, which can now be obtained in good yields from 1-methacrylic acid via 1,2-dibromo-1-methylpropionic acid and 2-bromopropene by treatment of the latter with ultrasound-activated lithium metal, was shown to contain mono- and dilithiopropyne. The reaction with chlorotrimethylsilane led to the corresponding silylated derivatives, while with silicon tetrachloride tetra(isopropenyl)silane was obtained, which after purification is easily converted into the title compound by catalytic hydrogenation.  -  The gas phase molecular structure of [(CH3)2CH]4Si has been determined by electron diffraction. The parameters could be successfully refined for a model of S4 symmetry. Bond distances Si—C, C—C, and C—H as well as bond angles Si—C—C and C—C—H show the steric compression of the four isopropyl substituents. Steric strain is minimized by twists of the methyl groups and the isopropyl groups away from the fully staggered conformations, but also by an increase of two of the C—Si—C angles as compared to the remaining four, which are decreased relative to the tetrahedral standard. The structure differs strongly (mainly in the twist angles) from that of the isoelectronic tetra(isopropyl)phosphonium cation in [(CH3)2CH]4P+[B(C6H5)4]-, but is very similar to those of tetra(cyclohexyl)silane and of tri(isopropyl)phosphonium isopropylide, where the pyramidal configuration of the ylidic carbon atoms leads to a pseudo homoleptic array of the substituents at phosphorus.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1953-1956 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Trisilylmethane ; 1,1,1-Trisilylethane ; CVD feedstock gases ; Silicon carbide, hydrogenated, amorphous (a-SiC:H) ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As a precursor for trisilylmethane, tris(phenylsilyl)methane is prepared by a Merker-Scott reaction of chlorophenylsilane, bromoform, and magnesium turnings in boiling tetrahydrofuran. Chlorophenylsilane is formed in a new synthesis starting from phenylsilane and hydrogen choride/AlCl3 in diethyl ether. The gas phase structure of trisilylmethane (H3Si)3CH, obtained from (PhSiH2)3CH via (BrSiH2)3CH, has been determined by electron diffraction. Data refinement confirmed a model of C3 molecular symmetry, with local C3v symmetry for the silyl groups.  -  As a precursor for 1,1,1-trisilylethane, 1,1,1-tris(phenylsilyl)ethane has been prepared similarly from chlorophenylsilane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and magnesium and converted via 1,1,1-tris(bromosilyl)ethane into CH3C(SiH3)3.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Amines, bis(dichlorosilyl) ; bis(dichlorosilyl)methyl- ; Gas-phase electron diffraction ; Calculations, ab initio ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The gas-phase molecular structures of bis(dichlorosilyl)-amine, (HSiCl22NH, and bis(dichlorosilyl)methylamine, (SiHCl2)2NMe, have been investigated by electron diffraction and ab initio calculations on a MP2/6-31G* level. Because the latter suggest the presence of a mixture of two conformers for each molecule, attempts were made to fit the electron diffraction data in each case by two different models, one assuming the presence of only one conformation, and another allowing for two different conformers. The principal parameters (ra) from electron diffraction for (HSiCl2)2NH are (the appropriate ab initio calculated values are given in brackets []): r(Si-N) 171.9(2) [172.7], r(Si-Cl) 204.1(1)[204.5] pm; Si-N-Si 126.5(8) [127.4] N-Si-Cl 107.3(5) [110.8] and Cl-Si-Cl 106.5(3) [107.5]°. For (SiHCl2)2NMe: r(Si-N) 171.1(3) [171.5], r(Si-Cl) 204.0(9) [205.2], r(N-C) 149.7(10) [148.3] pm; Si-N-Si 124.9(13) [123.4], N-Si-Cl 109.7(5) [110.7] and Cl-Si-Cl 107.1(3) [107.2]° [110.8] and Cl-Si-Cl 106.5(3) [107.5]°. For (SiHCl2)2NMe: r(Si-N) 171.1(3) [171.5], r(Si-Cl) 204.0(9) [205.2], r(N-C) 149.7(10) [148.3] pm; Si-N-Si 124.9(13) [123.4], N-Si-Cl 109.7(5) [110.7] and Cl-Si-Cl 107.1(3) [107.2]°. For (HSiCl2)2NH three different conformers were found to fit the experimental data with the single-conformation model. In two of the conformers, the dichlorosilyl groups are twisted by Θ1 = 146.0(10)/Θ2 = 155.2(20)° and Θ1= 101.1(49)/Θ2 = 196.8(12)°; respectively counterclockwise from the positions in which the Si-H bonds eclipse the N-H bond. Both of these lead to nearly ideally staggered conformations of the two SiHCl2 groups when viewed along the Si-Si axis. In contrast, the third conformation is nearly eclipsed, with torsion angles Θ1 = 131.4(15)/Θ2 = 80.4(26)°. Planarity of the Si2NH group was assumed as suggested by ab initio calculation. For (HSiCl2)2NMe the experimental data could be suitably fitted by two conformers, in which the dichlorosilyl groups are twisted by Θ1= 161.8(13)/Θ2 = 63.1(23)° and Θ1 = 156.1(9)/ Θ2 = 177.1(15)° from the positions in which the Si-H bonls eclipse the N-C bond. The first of these structures has an eclipsed Si(NSi)Cl conformation and an Si…Cl nonbonded distance close to distance clse to the sum of the appropriate van der waals radii. MP2/6-31G* calculations support the GED bond lengths and bond angles of both molecules, but indicate different conformations for the most stable equilibrium geometries: the computed twists are Θ1 = 180/Θ2 = 180° and Θ1 = 177.0/ Θ2 = 183.0° for (HSiCl2)2NH and (HSiCl2)2NMe, respectively. Rotation about the Si - N bonds is a very facile process, cf. the computed [MP2/6-31G*//MP2/6-31G* + ZPE(SCF/6-31G*)] rotational barrier of 2.9 kJ. mol-1 for (HSiCl2)2NH.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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