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  • Brevicoryne brassicae  (5)
  • Kinetic theory  (2)
  • B. campestris  (1)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spatial and temporal population structure of Brevicoryne brassicae (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 78 (1996), S. 121-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Brevicoryne brassicae ; cellulose acetate ; electrophoresis ; allozyme variation ; population structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Allozymes from individual aphids were used as markers to examine the structure of Brevicoryne brassicae colonies collected from field experiments at Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, during the summers of 1991, 1992 and 1993. Eighteen enzyme systems were examined using cellulose acetate electrophoresis, but only 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH) showed polymorphism (three alleles) in the samples. There were significant differences in gene frequencies between populations at some sites within 1 kilometre and between times of sampling, with an increase in the proportion of the most common genotype AA later in the season, possibly due to selection during the summer of the best adapted clones. These changes in gene frequency might produce biased results in trials screening brassica crops against aphids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187507
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The relative importance of glucosinolates and amino acids to the development of two aphid pests Brevicoryne brassicae and Myzus persicae on wild and cultivated brassica species (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 85 (1997), S. 121-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Brevicoryne brassicae ; Myzus persicae ; Brassica fruticulosa ; B. spinescens ; B. juncea ; B. nigra ; B. carinata. B. macrocarpa ; B. villosa var drepanensis ; B. oleracea ; B. napus ; B. campestris ; host-plant resistance ; glucosinolates ; amino acids ; leaf water potential ; generalist ; specialist ; aphids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper describes an experiment to investigate the relative importance of glucosinolates and the availability of free amino acids in the phloem to the feeding behaviour and development of the specialist brassica aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L) (cabbage aphid) and the generalist, Myzus persicae, (Sultzer) (peach potato aphid). Aphid development was determined on brassica species and cultivated brassica varieties. Analysis of individual glucosinolates in the wild brassica species identified significant differences in their profiles and in their concentrations present in freeze dried leaves. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant correlation ( $$\left( {r = 0.83} \right)$$ ) between the intrinsic rate of increase of B. brassicae and glucosinolate concentrations; four glucosinolates, 2-OH-3-butenyl, and 2-propenylglucosinolate, 3-methoxyindolyl and 4-pentenylglucosinolates accounted for 79% of the variation. The intrinsic rate of increase of M. persicae was less correlated, though still significant ( $$\left( {r = 0.5} \right)$$ ); 3-indolyglucosinolate and 3-butenylglucosinolate accounted for 47% of the variation. Regression analysis also showed a correlation between phloem amino acid concentrations and the intrinsic rate of increase of B. brassicae ( $$\left( {r = 0.48} \right)$$ ) but not of M. persicae. The concentration of the important amino acids tyrosine, alanine, leucine and glutamic acid, accounted for 43% of the variation in intrinsic rate of increase. Leaf water potential of the Brassica species showed no relationship with the intrinsic rate of increase of either B. brassicae or M. persicae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003049105464
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of feeding behaviour of two Brassica pests Brevicoryne brassicae and Myzus persicae on wild and cultivated brassica species (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 85 (1997), S. 135-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Brevicoryne brassicae ; Myzus persicae ; Brassica juncea ; B. nigra ; B. carinata ; B. macrocarpa ; B. villosa var. drepanensis ; B. oleracea ; B. campestris B. napus ; B. rapa ; host-plant resistance ; electronic monitoring
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Feeding behaviour of the specialist Brassicae aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L) (cabbage aphid) and the generalist, Myzus persicae, (Sulzer) (peach potato aphid) was monitored electronically on the susceptible cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis cv Newton Seale, and a range of 17 Brassica species, B. carinata, B. juncea, B. nigra, B. macrocarpa, and B. villosa var. drepanensis and cultivated brassica varieties, B. oleracea, B. campestris and B. napus. Aphids, monitored for 10 h on the underside of leaves, performed recognisable feeding behaviour on all brassica species. The main differences in feeding behaviour, between M. persicae and B. brassicae, on the susceptible cauliflower Newton Seale, were fewer probes, shorter times to initially reach the phloem but longer times to establish sustained phloem ingestion and the longer times spent, by M. persicae, in xylem ingestion. Feeding behaviour on the range of brassica species tested indicated that generalist and specialist aphids are influenced differently by the host plant. A longer time spent in xylem ingestion was again the major difference in the feeding behaviour of the two aphids. In addition, rejection of passive phloem ingestion, by M. persicae, was not related so closely to increased time spent in non probing activities, as for B. brassicae. This observation indicates that M. persicae does not generally accept or reject brassica species due to the presence of phagostimulants, such as glucosinolates at the leaf surface or along the stylet pathway, unless the concentration is very high. Differences in feeding strategies employed by generalist and specialist aphids on the same plants are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003188103050
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Locating a resistance mechanism to the cabbage aphid in two wild Brassicas (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 71 (1994), S. 23-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica fruticulosa ; B. spinescens ; Brevicoryne brassicae ; host-plant resistance ; EPG ; glucosinolates ; artificial diets
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Feeding behaviour of the cabbage aphid,Brevicoryne brassicae, was monitored electronically on two resistantBrassica species,B. fruticulosa andB. spinescens, and compared with a susceptible controlB. oleracea var.capitata cv. Offenham Compacta. Aphids, monitored for 10 h on the under side of leaves, performed recognizable feeding behaviour on all species. Electrical Penetration Graphs (EPGs) of aphids on resistant and susceptible plants showed no difference in behaviour for aphids on resistantBrassica species compared to susceptible until stylets penetrated the phloem sieve elements when a large reduction in the duration of passive phloem uptake (E2 pattern) onB. fruticulosa was indicated. Although feeding behaviour on 6 week-old plants ofB. spinescens was similar to the susceptible controls, behaviour on 10 week-old plants was similar to that recorded forB. fruticulosa. The mechanism of resistance is thought to be located in the sieve element as the normal sieve element salivation (E1) signal was either quickly terminated by withdrawal of the stylets from the sieve element or continued as a disrupted E2 pattern. Analysis of secondary plant compounds in the threeBrassica species only identified significant differences in the glucosinolate profile. No reproducible differences were detected in the concentration of phenolics or anthocyanins. The major glucosinolate component ofB. fruticulosa andB. spinescens was gluconapin rather than glucobrassicin and glucoiberin as found in the susceptible host plant. However, both pure glucosinolates and glucosinolate extracts from all three species did not reduce aphid survival on chemically-defined artificial diets. These results suggest that the mechanism of resistance may be a mechanical blocking of the sieve element or stylets rather than a difference in the secondary plant chemistry of glucosinolates and phenolics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380566
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation of a chitin-binding lectin, with insecticidal activity in chemically-defined synthetic diets, from two wild brassica species with resistance to cabbage aphidBrevicoryne brassicae (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica fruticulosa ; Brassica spinescens ; Brevicoryne brassicae ; lectin ; host-plant resistance ; chitin ; artificial diets ; chitinase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A lectin, with a chitin-binding domain and chitinase activity, is present in significant quantities in the wild brassica speciesB. fruticulosa andB. spinescens but at low levels in cultivated cabbage cv. Offenham Compacta. The lectin, purified 〉1000 fold after binding to chitin, migrated on SDS-PAGE gels as a single band with a M r of 14.500. The amino acid composition of the lectin fromB. spinescens indicated high concentrations of asparagine/aspartic acid, glycine, leucine and serine in common with other chitin-binding lectins with insecticidal and antifungal activities. Brassica lectin and the closely related agglutinin from wheatgerm and nettle show significant insecticidal activity when presented toBrevicoryne brassicae in chemically-defined synthetic diets.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383553
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Enskog repeated ring equations for tagged molecule motion and variational solutions (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 51 (1988), S. 249-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Schlagwort(e): Kinetic theory ; Enskog repeated ring equation ; polyatomic liquids ; variational principles ; Lorentz model ; kinetic boundary layers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The Enskog repeated ring equations (ERRE) for tagged molecule motion are derived from the BBGKY hierarchy. The hierarchical deviation demonstrates the problem associated with using naive truncations for complex fluid systems. A moment-variational solution is suggested for the ERRE. The moment-variational method is applied to the ERRE for the two- and three-dimensional overlapping Lorentz gas (LG). Both self-consistent and non-self-consistent equations for the diffusion constant are solved. The results compare favorably with previous calculations and molecular dynamics (MD).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015330
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The velocity correlation function for the Lorentz gas (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 51 (1988), S. 275-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Schlagwort(e): Kinetic theory ; random media ; Lorentz model ; self-consistent repeated ring theory ; long-time tails
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The results of variational solutions of the repeated ring and self-consistent repeated ring equations for the two-and three-dimensional overlapping Lorentz gas (LG), as formulated in a previous report, are presented. Calculations of the full velocity correlation function (VCF) for the 2D LG, including long-time tails, are compared with those from molecular dynamics. The trial functions chosen lead to predictions for the long-time tails that improve as the density of the scatterers is increased. At a value of 0.24 forρ* (=ρσ 2, whereρ is the density and σ the radius of scatterers), the self-consistent amplitudes of the long-time tail are within 40% of the molecular dynamics. A limited number of 3D results for the short-time behavior of the repeated ring VCF are presented. The 3D solutions agree with the molecular dynamics to within 10%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015331
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