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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new senescence-inducing mitochondrial linear plasmid in field-isolated Neurospora crassa strains from India (1991)
    Springer
    Current genetics 19 (1991), S. 129-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Senescence ; Plasmid ; Neurospora ; Mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Several field-collected strains of Neurospora crassa from the vicinity or Aarey, Bombay, India, are prone to precocious senescence and death. Analysis of one strain, Aarely-1e, demonstrated that the genetic determinants for the predisposition to senescence are maternally inherited. The senescence-prone strains contain a 7-kb, linear, mitochondrial DNA plasmid, maranhar, which is not present in long-lived isolates from the same geographical location. The maranhar plasmid has inverted terminal repeats with protein covalently bound at the 5′ termini. Molecular hybridization experiments have demonstrated no substantial DNA sequence homology between the plasmid and the normal mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear genomes of long-lived strains of N. crassa. Integrated maranhar sequences were detected in the mtDNAs of two cultures derived from Aarey-1e, and mtDNAs with the insertion sequences accumulated during subculturing. Nucleotide sequence analysis of cloned fragments of the two insertion sequences demonstrates that that they are flanked by long inverted repeats of mtDNA. The senescence syndrome of the maranhar strains, and the mode of integration of the plasmid, are reminiscent of those seen in the kalilo strains of N. intermedia. Nonetheless, there is no detectable nucleotide sequence homology between the maranhar and kalilo plasmids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326294
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of aGelasinospora linear plasmid closely related to the kalilo plasmid ofNeurospora intermedia (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 150-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Gelasinospora ; Neurospora ; Plasmid ; Mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a linear mitochondrial plasmid from a natural isolate of a homothallic species ofGelasinospora. The plasmid genome is 8231 by long. It carries terminal inverted repeats of 1137 bp. Extending inwards from the terminal repeats are two long open reading frames coding for putative proteins with similarity to DNA and RNA polymerases. These are separated by a short intergenic region. The plasmid sequence shows remarkable similarity to that of theNeurospora intermedia senescence-plasmid kalilo. Overall the two plasmids have a similar genetic organization and are clearly homologous at the sequence level. The main differences are in the intergenic region and in the terminal repeats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02221579
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear kalilo DNA is a Neurospora mitochondrial plasmid that integrates into the mitochondrial DNA (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 220 (1989), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Neurospora ; Senescence ; Mitochondria ; Plasmid ; Kalilo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The linear autonomous form of kalilo DNA (previously called AR-kalDNA) is shown to be resident within mitochondria rather than nuclei, as had been suggested by previous experiments. This form has been renamed mtAR-kalDNA, to signify its mitochondrial location. Experiments are described that illustrate the inheritance and somatic transmission patterns of the mitochondrial kalilo plasmid and the mitochondrial inserted form of kalilo DNA (mtlS-kalDNA). Progeny of a cross with a pre-senescent subculture as the female parent inherited mtAR-ka1DNA only; mtIS-kalDNA was not transmitted sexually. During somatic propagation of the ascospore cultures, novel kalilo DNA inserts appeared and most of them persisted until death. We propose that these inserts originated from de novo integration of mtAR-kalDNA into the mitochondrial DNA. In two of the ascopore-derived series analyzed, the first inserts detected were seen only transiently and inserts appearing subsequent to the transient inserts were retained until death. We propose that these enduring inserts originated either from rearrangements of the transient inserts or from novel integration events, either from mtAR-kalDNA or from transposition of the transient inserts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260864
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmid diversity in senescent and nonsenescent strains of Neurospora (1993)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 237 (1993), S. 177-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Senescence ; Linear plasmids ; Circular plasmids ; Neurospora ; Mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A sample of 171 natural isolates of Neurospora crassa and Neurospora intermedia was tested for senescence. Of these, 28 strains senesced within the duration of the experiment. These senescent strains, together with a selection of nonsenescent strains, were examined for the presence of mitochondrial plasmids. This was done by digesting mitochondrial DNA preparations with proteinase K, and running these samples on agarose gels. Most of the strains examined, both senescent and nonsenescent, contained plasmids, many of them new. Some new plasmids were linear, as inferred from their resistance to 5′ exonuclease and sensitivity to 3′ exonuclease. New circular plasmids were also found. Some strains carry several plasmids, and mixtures of circular and linear elements were common. A cross-homology study was performed on a sample of plasmid-bearing strains, and several cases of apparent relatedness were found, some between strains from distant geographical locations. Linear plasmids homologous to the maranhar linear senescence plasmid were quite common. A new member of the LaBelle circular plasmid homology group was found. In the sample tested for homology, no strains contained elements related to the kalilo linear senescence plasmid. The relationship of the new plasmids to senescence is not known. In addition to plasmid monomers, several different types of derivatives were found. The kalilo linear plasmid was found to occur in linear and circular forms of low mobility, presumed to be giant concatamers, and, in some strains, variant sibling structures and ladders of short derivatives were found. Circular plasmids also gave rise to extensive ladders on electrophoresis, probably representing different relaxation states and head-to-tail concatameric series. Some such forms migrated more slowly than mitochondrial DNA. One unique type of plasmid modification observed was a pair of linear elements that had apparently arisen de novo which showed homology to a circular plasmid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282799
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recombination between heterologous linear and circular mitochondrial plasmids in the fungus Neurospora (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 249 (1995), S. 25-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Neurospora ; Plasmids ; Mitochondria ; Recombination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A strain of Neurospora intermedia from China contains five prominent extragenomic mitochondrial plasmids: three linear elements called zhisi plasmids, and two circular plasmids, Harbin-1 and -2. In one subculture, levels of four plasmids (all three zhisis and Harbin-1) fell to undetectable values and two novel linear plasmids appeared, Harbin-L and -L2, as well as a new small circular plasmid, Harbin-0.9. Cross-hybridization of restriction fragments and DNA sequencing showed that the Harbin-L plasmid was composed of parts of the circular Harbin-1 plasmid and of one of the linear zhisi plasmids. A model is presented in which the Harbin-1 and zhisi plasmids are present within the same mitochondrion, and crossovers at two separate 7 by sites of sequence identity effectively insert part of the circular Harbin-1 DNA into a zhisi linear plasmid, simultaneously deleting part of the zhisi element. The small plasmid Harbin-0.9 is a fragment of the Har-1 plasmid, and seems to be another product of the recombination process that created Har-L. Recombination of this type could have contributed to the wide array of mitochondrial plasmids found in natural populations of Neurospora.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290232
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Architectural regularity of the subepidermal reticulum of fibers in the adult newt, Triturus viridescens (Diemictylus v.)This investigation was supported in part by an institutional grant from the American Cancer Society, Inc., and in part by a Public Health Service research grant, RG-36208 (R1), from the National Institutes of Health. (1962)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 111 (1962), S. 275-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051110305
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sudanophilic lipid of normal and regenerating limb tissues of the adult newt, Diemictylus viridescensThis investigation was supported by a Public Health Service research grant GM06208 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 118 (1966), S. 57-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The most intense and widely distributed sudanophilic responses of cryostat-sectioned newt limb tissues were obtained with a simultaneous fix and stain procedure of 1:1 10% formal-calcium and sudan black B. Droplets and globules of lipid mixtures and rodlets (mitochondria) were typical responses distributed within the epidermis, subcutaneous glands, dermis and other connective tissues, striated muscle (also with positive fibrils), tunics of blood vessels, and blood cells. A prominent droplet response was located subjacent to the adepidermal basement membrane. The myelin of brachial nerve stained intensely.In regenerating limbs, the wound epithelium response was comparable to that of epidermis. Post-amputational lipophanerosis of injured muscle and brachial nerves was observed. The retrograde degeneration of nerve myelin was extensive, and continued into the early differentiative phase of regeneration. Lipid-engorged macrophages were prominent among the injured tissues, distal to these, and within the wound epithelium.The regeneration blastema revealed a large quantity of sudanophilic lipid. Prominent droplet and rodlet responses were typical of the myelinating regenerating nerves. The response of regenerating muscle equaled that of the mature stump fibers. The cells of the regenerating chondroskeleton contained sudanophilic lipid.Organic solvents such as acetone, ether, chloroform and chloroform:methanol reduced or prevented the sudanophilic responses. Sudan red 7B revealed less lipid than did sudan black B. A fixation effect was demonstrated with post-chromated formalcalcium, and chromic-formalin fixed sections. In the latter preparations, swollen-bodies, identified as mitochondria, stained intensely.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051180105
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tolerance, limb regeneration and collagen fibrogenesis under high oxygen concentrations by the adult newt, Diemictylus viridescensThis investigation was supported by a grant from the University of Illinois Research Board. (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 133 (1971), S. 167-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Adult newts placed in an atmospheric environment of 85% oxygen, saturated humidity, and at a temperature of 20 ± 1°C survived particularly well a 44-day test period. They did not succumb to “oxygen toxicity” as has been frequently reported for other vertebrate species.Having established the newt's tolerance of high oxygen atmosphere, the effect of oxygen on growth and development in the regenerating newt limb was investigated. Under the atmospheric conditions described above, and under 92% oxygen, the regeneration of adult newt limbs appeared to be retarded during the first 25 days after amputation when compared with regenerating limbs of control animals kept under a normal atmosphere of 21% oxygen (air). Thereafter, little or no difference could be discerned between the regeneration of experimental and control limbs.It is known that molecular oxygen participates directly in the hydroxylation of proline to hydroxyproline in the synthesis of collagen. Sectioned regenerates stained specifically for collagen were examined to determine if collagen synthesis was induced in experimental animals. Two regeneration-inhibited limbs of oxygenated newts showed cicatrical repair of the apical limb stump 25 days after amputation. However, the majority of the experimental animals revealed no obvious increase in collagen fibers.These results contraindicate any marked “oxygen toxicity” affecting the life of the newts, or regeneration of their limbs. It is suggested that a change in collagen fiber type might have been induced by the high-oxygen atmosphere. Investigations to test this hypothesis are currently underway.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051330204
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sarcomeric myosin heavy chain expressed in nonmuscle cells forms thick filaments in the presence of substoichiometric amounts of light chains (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 26 (1993), S. 192-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: myofibrillogenesis ; myosin heavy chain ; myosin light chains ; transfection ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Central to the function of myosin is its ability to assemble into thick filaments which interact precisely and specifically with other myofibrillar proteins. We have established a novel experimental system for studying myofibrillogenesis using transient transfections of COS cells, a monkey kidney cell line. We have expressed both full-length rat α cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) and a truncated heavy meromyosin-like α MHC (sHMM) and shown that immunoreactive MHC proteins of the expected sizes were detected in lysates of transfected cells. Surprisingly, the full-length MHC formed large spindle-shaped structures throughout the cytoplasm of transfected cells as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. The structures were not found in cells expressing the sHMM construct, indicating that their formation required an MHC rod. The spindle-shaped structures ranged in length from approximately 1 μm to over 20 μm in length and were birefringent suggesting that they are ordered arrays of thick filaments. This was confirmed by electron microscopic analysis of the transfected cells which revealed arrays of filamentous structures approximately 12 nm in diameter at their widest point. In addition, the vast majority of transfected MHC did not associate with the endogenous nonmuscle myosin light chains, demonstrating that myosin thick filaments can form in the absence of stoichiometric amounts of myosin light chains. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970260303
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ankyrin and synapsin: Spectrin-binding proteins associated with brain membranes (1985)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 29 (1985), S. 157-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: spectrin ; ankyrin ; synapsin ; membrane skeleton ; tubulin ; secretion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Brain membranes contain an actin-binding protein closely related in structure and function to erythrocyte spectrin. The proteins that attach brain spectrin to membranes are not established, but, by analogy with the erythrocyte membrane, may include ankyrin and protein 4.1. In support of this idea, proteins closely related to ankyrin and 4.1 have been purifed from brain and have been demonstrated to associate with brain spectrin. Brain ankyrin binds with high affinity to the spectrin beta subunit at the midregion of spectrin tetramers. Brain ankyrin also has binding sites for the cytoplasmic domain of the erythrocyte anion channel (band 3), as well as for tubulin. Ankyrins from brain and erythrocytes have a similar domain structure with protease-resistant domains of Mr = 72,000 that contain spectrin-binding activity, and domains of Mr = 95,000 (brain ankyrin) or 90,000 (erythrocyte ankyrin) that contain binding sites for both tubulin and the union channel. Brain ankyrin is present at about 100 pmol/mg membrane protein, or about twice the number of copies of spectrin beta chains. Brain ankyrin thus is present in sufficient amounts to attach spectrin to membranes, and it has the potential to attach microtubules to membranes as well as to interconnect microtubules with spectrin-associated act in filaments.Another spectrin-binding protein has been purified from brain membranes, and this protein cross-reacts with erythrocyte 4.1. Brain 4.1 is identical to the membrane protein synapsin, which is one of the brain's major substrates for cAMP-dependent and Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases with equivalent physical properties, immunological cross-reaction, and peptide maps. Synapsin (4.1) is present at about 60 pmol/mg membrane protein, and thus is a logical candidate to regulate certain protein linkages involving spectrin.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240290210
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