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  • host-finding  (4)
  • Epiphyas postvittana  (2)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (2)
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 54 (1990), S. 245-255 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Dalbulus ; leafhoppers ; host-finding ; maize models ; color ; flight behavior ; habitat stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Nous avons examiné l'importance de la couleur dans la découverte de l'hôte, en comparant au laboratoire les réactions avant et après contacts avec des plants de maïs,-à 4 feuilles-, et avec des leurres peints présentant des différences de nuance ou de quantité de lumière réfléchie, chez 3 espèces de Dalbulus: D. maidis,-spécialiste du maïs-, D. gelbus,-qui consomme le maïs et Tripsacum, et D. quinquenotatus,-spécialiste de Tripsacum. Les espèces entrent en contact avec le maïs plus en voltigeant que par la marche, mâles et femelles séjournant plusieurs heures après être entrés en contact. En utilisant des leurres végétaux,-des morceaux de bois verticaux peints de différentes couleurs-, une forte réponse au jaune, due à la teinte plus qu'à l'intensité, a été mise en évidence. Il n'y a pas de différence dans les contacts après voltige ou après marche avec des leurres jaunes pour D. maidis et D. gelbus, tandis que chez D. quinquenotatus, ils sont plus fréquents après voltige. Ces 3 espèces de Dalbulus continuent à être influencées par la couleur après contact, puisque chaque espèce reste plus longtemps sur le jaune que sur les autres couleurs. L'importance de la stimulation par la couleur dans la découverte des hôtes par Dalbulus est semble-t-il due au comportement de vol et à la stabilité de l'habitat dans la nature.
    Notizen: Abstract The importance of color stimuli in host-finding by Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott), D. gelbus DeLong, and D. quinquenotatus DeLong & Nault (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) was determined by comparing pre- and post-contact responses of leafhoppers to maize seedlings (Zea mays L.) with those to vertical models varying in hue or value (total amount of reflected light). For each species, more contacts were made with maize by jumping/flying than by walking, and both sexes remained on maize for similar times after contact. When presented simultaneously with seven models (vertical wooden rods) painted in different colors, each species made more contacts with yellow. Yellow also received more contacts when it was present in a group of four colors. There were no differences in contacts made with the yellow model by jumping/flying or by walking for D. maidis and D. gelbus, but D. quinquenotatus made more contacts by jumping/flying than by walking. If yellow was not present in the group, the color reflecting maximally between 500–580 nm received more contacts compared to the other three colors. Responses to a series of neutrals indicated contacts were elicited primarily because of hue, and not changes in value. Yellow also elicited tenure as long or significantly longer than other colors after contact with a model. For each species, there were no differences in tenure between males and females on models. The importance of color stimuli in host-finding by Dalbulus leafhoppers is suggested to be influenced by differences in flight behavior and habitat stability of field hosts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 4 (1991), S. 707-726 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): Orthoptera ; Acrididae ; color vision ; spatial vision ; orientation ; host-finding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The visual behavior of adult Melanoplus sanguinipesF. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) was investigated by placing individuals in the center of an arena and recording their orientation responses to visual targets at the perimeter of the arena. Targets that reflected more 540- to 570-nm light were approached more frequently; however, when reflectance in the 540 -to 570-nm region was combined with reflectance in the 400- to 520-nm region, orientation responses were reduced significantly. This suggests that spectral discrimination in M. sanguinipesinvolves at least two classes of photoreceptors, which respond to different regions of the wavelength spectrum. In addition, grasshoppers oriented to vertical, but not horizontal, contrasting stripes. However, when vertical stripes were added to targets reflecting 520- to 650-nm light, responses to verticals on these targets were not enhanced relative to verticals presented against a target background of 400- to 520-nm + 520- to 650-nm light. Thus, spectral discrimination and vertical stripe fixation appear to be two distinct visual behaviors, controlled by outputs from two classes of photoreceptors and a single class of photoreceptors, respectively, and may be used in different physiological or ecological contexts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 1717-1738 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Walking ; dispersal ; epicuticular waxes ; volatiles ; host-finding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract When introduced into a wind tunnel with low windspeeds (0.2–0.3 m/sec), neonate E. postvittana larvae were more likely to walk in a downwind rather than upwind direction. This tendency to walk downwind did not change when odors from apple leaves or fruit were introduced into the wind tunnel. In a second assay that measured travel times of larvae as they walked from the center to the edge of filter paper disks, larvae moved more slowly on disks treated with extracts of apple leaves or extracts of apple fruit, but did not slow their movement on disks treated with extracts of a nonhost, Coprosma repens. Analysis of videorecords revealed that larvae on disks treated with a dichloromethane extract of apple leaves took more circuitous routes, walked more slowly, and stopped more frequently than larvae walking on solvent-treated disks. When the dosage of this dichloromethane apple leaf extract was increased or when larvae were held without food prior to testing, differences between travel times on solvent- and extract-treated disks did not increase significantly. The dichloromethane apple leaf extract, when tested in the wind tunnel with low windspeeds, also caused larvae to delay spinning down on a silken thread after reaching the edge of the disk, but had no effect on spin-down times when tested in still-air conditions. Testing of rotary evaporated apple leaf extracts and fractionation of these extracts indicated that a number of both volatile and relatively involatile chemicals contribute to the behavioral responses of E. postvittana larvae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 4 (1991), S. 773-792 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): Delia antiqua ; Anthomyiidae ; Diptera ; herbivore ; egg-laying ; host-finding ; sensory systems ; chemoreception ; n-dipropyl disulfide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Behavioral responses of female onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen), to hostplant cues were quantified during encounters of individual flies with onion plants and onion foliar surrogates. The behavioral repertoire of such females included sitting, grooming, running up and down foliar surfaces, extension of the proboscis such that the labellum contacted foliar and soil surfaces, movements of the tip of the abdomen over surfaces (surface probing), subsurface probing of soil crevices with the ovipositor, and oviposition. Sequences of behaviors preceding oviposition were probabilistic rather than highly stereotyped but generally followed the order given above. Foliar surrogates were used to determine the effects of n-dipropyl disulfide (Pr2S2) on the sequence of behaviors leading up to oviposition. The addition of a Pr2S2-treated surrogate to a cage increased the frequency of alighting on that surrogate but also increased alighting on a nearby foliar surrogate without Pr2S2. After alighting, females encountering surrogates treated with Pr2S2 had shorter latencies to proboscis extension and surface probing, spent less time sitting and grooming, and had runs of shorter duration. These females were also more likely to make the transition from probing of surfaces of foliage and soil to subsurface probing of soil crevices and oviposition. Thus, rather than mediating a particular step in the behavioral sequence, Pr2S2 played a role throughout the sequence leading up to oviposition. Collectively, these data and past studies on the onion fly support the hypothesis that egglaying is triggered by a temporal summation of inputs to the central nervous system from various sensory modalities rather than strict behavioral chaining, with each transition effected by some unique cue.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 77 (1995), S. 323-334 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Epiphyas postvittana ; orientation ; movement ; colour ; stemmata
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract When neonate larvae of a leafroller moth,Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were released into the middle of a circular arena with blue paper on one side of the arena and apple foliage on the other side, more larvae walked towards the apple foliage. These oriented responses were enhanced, in terms of the number of larvae responding, by increasing the amount of light reflected from or transmitted through apple foliage. Larvae also responded to painted targets, and specifically to targets reflecting light in the region of 470–570 nm (green-yellow region to the human eye). When the amount of 470–570 nm reflected from targets was reduced, numbers of larvae responding to targets decreased. The addition of 400–500 nm reflected light to 470–570 nm reflected light also resulted in a reduction of oriented responses to targets. Tests using neutral colours (white, black, and a series of greys) indicated that, in the absence of targets reflecting primarily in the 470–570 nm region, larvae oriented towards targets with low levels of reflectance. When the orientation of walking larvae was measured at various distances from targets of different colours or diameters, targets subtending 5–8 degrees elicited responses from 50% of all larvae. Behaviour other than walking was also influenced by visual stimuli: fewer larvae spun down on a silken thread when blue paper was placed beneath a walking platform than when brown or green papers were present.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 5 (1992), S. 699-720 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): sex pheromone ; landing behavior ; visual cues ; Epiphyas postvittana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of changes in various visual and olfactory properties of a white card surface on the landing position of male Epiphyas postvittanaexhibiting pheromone-mediated flight were studied in a wind tunnel. Males landed predominantly at the most downwind position of a surface in line with the pheromone source, regardless of the strength of the source. The position on the surface that males landed was strongly influenced by visual factors. The landing position of males appeared to be influenced by visual cues along all three axes of the surface. Decreases in either the dimension horizontally perpendicular to the wind direction or the vertical dimension resulted in greater numbers of males landing farther upwind on the surface than the downwind edge. Visual changes in the axis along the wind direction also affected the position at which males landed. For example, when presented with two white card surfaces with a 4- cm gap between them, males tended to land on the downwind edge of the upwind surface (on which the source was located). When the gap was bridged with clear Mylar, the landing pattern was significantly different, with the greater proportion of males landing on the downwind surface. However, when Mylar was placed on the plexiglass floor of the tunnel (in addition to bridging the gap), the landing pattern on the surface was not significantly different from that on the two surfaces without the Mylar bridge. It is suggested that during the prelanding and landing phases of pheromone-mediated flight, male moths orient to visual features of the surface containing the pheromone source rather than to visual features of the source (conspecific female moth) itself.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 57 (1995), S. 351-361 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Schlagwort(e): cell cycle ; cell division ; protein phosphorylation ; phosphotyrosine ; caffeine ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Changes in protein tyrosine phosphorylation are known to be important for regulating cell cycle progression. With the aim of identifying new proteins involved in the regulation of mitosis, we used an antibody against phosphotyrosine to analyze proteins from synchronized human and hamster cells. At least seven proteins were found that displayed mitosis-specific tyrosine phosphorylation in HeLa cells (pp165, 205, 240, 250, 270, 290, and ∼ 400) and one such protein in hamster BHK cells (pp155). In synchronized HeLa and BHK cells, all proteins except HeLa pp165, pp205, and pp250 were readily detectable only in mitosis. Tyrosine phosphorylation of pp165, pp205, and pp250 was apparent during arrest in S phase, suggesting that cell cycle perturbations can affect the phosphorylation state of some of these proteins. In a related finding in BHK cells, pp155 underwent tyrosine phosphorylation when cells were forced into premature mitosis by caffeine treatment. Only one protein (pp135 in HeLa cells) was found to be dephosphorylated on tyrosine during mitosis. The above findings may prove helpful for isolating new cell cycle proteins that are important for both the normal regulation of mitosis and the mitotic aberrations associated with cell cycle perturbations and chemical treatments.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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