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  • 1
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Chick embryos, incubated at 38-39°C to stages 8-11 (Hamburger-Hamilton staging), were injected (under the vitelline membrane) with ten MLD (mice) per 0.05 ml of tetanus toxin or with avian physiological saline solution. Seventeen hours after the injection the embryos were harvested and fixed in Bouin's solution. Selected control and experimental specimens were sectioned for histological study.Observations of gross specimens show that open neural folds of younger embryos are more susceptible than are the more extensively closed tubes of older embryos. The progressively more caudal restriction of toxin-susceptible sites with increasing age is a manifestation of this correlation with the degree of closure at injection time.Study of serial sections establishes the concentration of lesions almost exclusively in neural tissue, especially in the alar region of the neuraxis. Tetanus-induced lesions include encephaloschisis, myeloschisis and platyneury at various levels of the neural tube. These basic defects are comparable to those reported after treatment with many CNS teratogens.Suggestions are made concerning the possible effect of tetanus toxin on biochemical interactions that might lead to aberrations from the normal morphogenesis of the central nervous system.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 18 (1997), S. 293-298 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: MW radiation ; computerized time-averaging ; brain hemispheric asymmetry ; EEG ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Averaged electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency spectra were studied in eight unanesthetized and unmyorelaxed adult male rats with chronically implanted carbon electrodes in symmetrical somesthetic areas when a weak (0.1-0.2 mW/cm) microwave (MW, 945 MHz) field, amplitude-modulated at extremely low frequency (ELF) (4 Hz), was applied. Intermittent (1 min “On,” 1 min “Off”) field exposure (10-min duration) was used. Hemispheric asymmetry in frequency spectra (averaged data for 10 or 1 min) of an ongoing EEG was characterized by a power decrease in the 1.5-3 Hz range on the left hemisphere and by a power decrease in the 10-14 and 20-30 Hz ranges on the right hemisphere. No differences between control and exposure experiments were shown under these routines of data averaging. Significant elevations of EEG asymmetry in 10-14 Hz range were observed during the first 20 s after four from five onsets of the MW field, when averaged spectra were obtained for every 10 s. Under neither control nor pre- and postexposure conditions was this effect observed. These results are discussed with respect to interaction of MW fields with the EEG generators. Bioelectromagnetics 18:293-298, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Keywords: Electrical muscle stimulation ; Muscle contraction ; Muscle metabolism ; Phosphocreatine ; Phosphorous NMR ; Tourniquet ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study used phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy to examine the metabolic demand resulting from electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) applied to human skeletal muscle. For each of six subjects, the forearm flexor muscle group was monitored with 31P-NMR during both maximum voluntary and 6-s EMS-induced contractions. A simple protocol using a tourniquet was added in one subject to assess the role of blood flow in this model. Eight hertz (nontetanic) EMS showed less (p 〈 0.025) depletion of phosphocreatine (36%) than did tetanic 70-Hz EMS (60%), voluntary isometric (66%), and voluntary isokinetic (68%). The results of the tourniquet studies suggested that the nontetanic EMS allowed relatively increased muscle blood flow and oxygen supply during contraction. Tetanic EMS provided a similar metabolic demand to that of conventional resistive exercise, as measured by 31P-NMR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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