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  • spirooxazine  (4)
  • Local dynamic muscle work  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of Heat Treatment and Additives on the Photochromic and Mechanical Properties of Sol-Gel Derived Photochromic Coatings Containing Spirooxazine (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 8 (1997), S. 923-926 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Schlagwort(e): photochromism ; photochromic coatings ; spirooxazine ; photochromic properties ; mechanical properties
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The experimental results on the photochromic and mechanical properties of coatings containing 1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro[2H-indole-2,3′-(3H)-naphth(2,1-b)(1,4) oxazine] (SO) derived from 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), bisphenol A (BPA) and 1-methylimidazole (MI) by sol-gel processing are presented. It is shown that heat treatment temperature is a conflicting factor to the photochromic intensity (Δ A 0), photostability and abrasion resistance of the photochromic coatings. With increasing densification temperature the matrix rigidity increases leading to a decrease of Δ A 0 and at the same time an enhancement of both abrasion resistance and photostability, the optimum heat treatment temperature is 110°C under our experimental conditions. By the use of certain additives, e.g., fluorosilanes (FAS), not only Δ A 0 but also the photostability and the abrasion resistance of the photochromic coatings have been further improved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018384913360
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enhancement of the Photochromic Performance of Spirooxazine in Sol-Gel Derived Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Matrices by Additives (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 8 (1997), S. 927-929 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Schlagwort(e): organic-inorganic hybrids ; sol-gel ; photochromic performance ; spirooxazine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Organic-inorganic hybrid materials synthesized via sol-gel processing are excellent solid matrices for photochromic dyes like spirooxazine, and the photochromic performance can be further enhanced by introducing suitable additives. This work describes the effects of additives on the photochromic intensity (Δ A 0), decolouration rate (k) and photostability of spirooxazine in sol-gel derived organic-inorganic hybrid matrices. They include fluoro-alkylsilane (FAS), bisphenol A (BPA) and methyl-imidazole (MI). FAS enhances both Δ A 0 and photostability, but has little effect on k. The higher the content of BPA, the higher the Δ A 0 and the higher the photostability, but the lower the k. The effect of MI on Δ A 0 and k is not so considerable as that of BPA and is a little complicated, while significant improvement in photostability is achieved by the addition of MI at an optimum concentration with the presence of BPA at a higher content.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018337030198
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of heat treatment and additives on the photochromic and mechanical properties of sol-gel derived photochromic coatings containing spirooxazine (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 8 (1997), S. 923-926 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Schlagwort(e): photochromism ; photochromic coatings ; spirooxazine ; photochromic properties ; mechanical properties
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The experimental results on the photochromic and mechanical properties of coatings containing 1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro[2H-indole-2,3′-(3H)-naphth(2,1-b)(1,4) oxazine] (SO) derived from 3-glycidyl-oxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), bisphenolA (BPA) and 1-methylimidazole (MI) by sol-gel processing are presented. It is shown that heat treatment temperature is a conflicting factor to the photochromic intensity (ΔA 0), photostability and abrasion resistance of the photochromic coatings. With increasing densification temperature the matrix rigidity increases leading to a decrease of ΔA 0 and at the same time an enhancement of both abrasion resistance and photostability, the optimum heat treatment temperature is 110°C under our experimental conditions. By the use of certain additives, e.g., fluorosilanes (FAS), not only ΔA 0 but also the photostability and the abrasion resistance of the photochromic coatings have been further improved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02436961
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enhancement of the photochromic performance of spirooxazine in sol-gel derived organic-inorganic hybrid matrices by additives (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 8 (1997), S. 927-929 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Schlagwort(e): organic-inorganic hybrids ; sol-gel ; photochromic performance ; spirooxazine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Organic-inorganic hybrid materials synthesized via sol-gel processing are excellent solid matrices for photochromic dyes like spirooxazine, and the photochromic performance can be further enhanced by introducing suitable additives. This work describes the effects of additives on the photochromic intensity (ΔA 0), decolouration rate (k) and photostability of spirooxazine in sol-gel derived organic-inorganic hybrid matrices. They include fluoroalkylsilane (FAS), bisphenolA (BPA) and methyl-imidazole (MI). FAS enhances both ΔA 0 and photostability, but has little effect onk. The higher the content of BPA, the higher the ΔA 0 and the higher the photostability, but the lower thek. The effect of MI on ΔA 0 andk is not so considerable as that of BPA and is a little complicated, while significant improvement in photostability is achieved by the addition of MI at an optimum concentration with the presence of BPA at a higher content.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02436962
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex- and age-related blood pressure response to dynamic work with small muscle masses (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 55 (1986), S. 79-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Local dynamic muscle work ; Blood pressure ; Heart rate ; Age ; Sex
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Four groups of subjects of different ages and sex (group I: 20–29 years, women; group II: 20–29 years, men; group III: 30–39 years, women; group IV: 30–39 years, men) undertook dynamic one-hand work (load range 40%–80% of maximum voluntary contraction, at 60 working cycles/min) to allow a study of cardiovascular responses as shown by the resultant changes in blood pressure and heart rate. During fatiguing dynamic one-hand work, there was a large increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressures in both sexes after a few minutes. For all load levels, the systolic blood pressure was found to be higher by about 4 kPa in men (groups II and IV) than in women (groups I and III). Other age-related differences became evident in the diastolic blood pressure changes. The values obtained for the older groups were higher than those in the two younger groups. These differences in blood pressure response are possibly due to sex-related differences in the release of catecholamines, or to age-related organic changes in the vessels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422898
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physiological effects of dynamic hand work in subjects of different age and sex (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 51 (1983), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Local dynamic muscle work ; Working frequency ; Age ; Sex ; iEMG ; R-R interval
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Thirty untrained subjects (group 1: 10 ♀, 20–30 years; group 2: 10 ♀, 36–46 years; group 3: 10 ♂, 20–30 years) performed dynamic hand work on a hand-grip dynamometer at loads varying from 20 to 100% MVC and three different working frequencies (20, 40, and 60 cpm). The mechanical muscle activity, the iEMG and the R-R interval were measured throughout the exercise. Before and after each exercise, the maximal hand-grip force (MVC) was determined together with the iEMG and the R-R interval. With the loads increasing gradually, the mean values of the duration of the contraction phase and of the iEMG of the four muscles increased in all test groups, but the duration of the rest phase and R-R interval decreased. Through an Analysis of Variance, evidence of systematic differences between the test groups was significant for the R-R interval only, while the effects of the loads (with exception of the rest phase) and of the working frequency proved significant for all parameters. The MVC, the iEMG and the R-R interval measured before and after the exercise did not show significant differences. This indicates that the exercise was not fatiguing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00952547
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