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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antagonism of hypothermia and behavioral response to apomorphine: A simple, rapid and discriminating test for screening antidepressants and neuroleptics (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 75 (1981), S. 84-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Apomorphine ; Hypothermia ; Antidepressants ; Neuroleptics ; Screening ; Stereotypy ; Verticalization ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The antagonism of hypothermia induced by two doses of apomorphine (1 or 16 mg/kg) is proposed as an improved screening test for both neuroleptics and antidepressants. Low dose apomorphine-induced hypothermia (1 mg/kg) differentiates sulpiride-like neuroleptics (which better antagonize this effect of apomorphine than other effects such as stereotyped behavior) from haloperidol-like drugs. The latter equally antagonize the two effects of apomorphine. The effects of sulpiride are also distinct from those of chlorpromazine-like drugs which strongly antagonize stereotyped behavior, but not hypothermia induced by apomorphine. Hypothermia induced by a high dose of apomorphine (16 mg/kg) is not antagonized by neuroleptics, but is strongly antagonized by antidepressants (imipramine-like drugs, amineptine, amoxapine, nomifensine, viloxazine) and potential antidepressants (beta-adrenergic stimulants). The use of these two tests rapidly screens both antidepressants and neuroleptics and classifies neuroleptics according to their profile of action on the dopaminergic system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433508
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The tail suspension test: A new method for screening antidepressants in mice (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 85 (1985), S. 367-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Immobility test ; Antidepressants ; Screening method ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A novel test procedure for antidepressants was designed in which a mouse is suspended by the tail from a lever, the movements of the animal being recorded. The total duration of the test (6 min) can be divided into periods of agitation and immobility. Several psychotropic drugs were studied: amphetamine, amttriptyline, atropine, desipramine, mianserin, nomifensine and viloxazine. Antidepressant drugs decrease the duration of immobility, as do psychostimulants and atropine. If coupled with measurement of locomotor activity in different conditions, the test can separate the locomotor stimulant doses from antidepressant doses. Diazepam increases the duration of immobility. The main advantages of this procedure are (1) the use of a simple, objective test situation, (2) the concordance of the results with the validated “behavioral despair” test from Porsolt and, (3) the sensitivity to a wide range of drug doses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428203
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is delay of reward mediated by shock-avoidance behavior a critical targer for anti-punishment effects of diazepam in rats? (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 87 (1985), S. 473-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Duration of punishment ; Delay of reward ; Behavioral suppression ; Benzodiazepines ; Diazepam ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study investigated in rats whether variables which may affect the animals' tolerance for delay of reward could be critical for the benzodiazepine-induced release of punished behavior. Rats were subjected to conflict situations during which signalled FR4 non-punished periods (lights-off) alternated with punished periods of different durations signalled by lights-on stimuli. Lever presses during punished periods resulted in the delivery of both one food-pellet and one electric foot-shock (0.45 mA). The antipunishment effect of diazepam (2 mg/kg IP) clearly depended on the duration of the punished periods, release of punished behavior being observed only when punished periods exceeded 1 min. The duration of punished periods required for diazepam-induced release of responding was affected by factors which modified the contrast between rewards received in punished and non-punished periods. One of these factors was the FR schedule imposed during non-punished periods, since the anti-punishment effect of diazepam was observed during short-lasting (30-s and 1-min) punished periods separated by FR24 non-punished periods. A second factor was the ratio of the durations of punished and non-punished periods: diazepam released behavior during 2-min punisheds when the duration of the intercurrent non-punished periods was 1 min, but not when it was 4 min. The predictability of the duration of the punished periods also modulated the effect of diazepam since: with 1 min punished periods, diazepam released punished responding during the first exposures of the rats to the experimental session, but lost part or all its efficacy in animals extensively trained to the procedure. It is tentatively proposed that not only punishment, but also delay of reward induced by passive avoidance of the punished response, are affected by benzodiazepines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432516
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antinociceptive activity of beta-adrenoceptor agonists in the hot plate test in mice (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 88 (1986), S. 527-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Clenbuterol ; Isoproterenol ; Salbutamol ; Central beta-adrenoceptors ; Hot plate test ; Pain modulation ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clenbuterol, isoproterenol and salbutamol increased the latency in the licking response of mice on the hot plate at 56.5° C. This effect was dose-related and obtained after IP administration. Clenbuterol was active at lower doses than isoproterenol and salbutamol, a result which is consistent with its better penetration in the central nervous system. Moreover, the effect of clenbuterol was stereospecific, the (−)-isomer being the active form. Our results suggest the implication of central beta-adrenoceptors in the modulation of the response to a painful stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178520
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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